# Bioengineering modification and application of bacterial outer membrane vesicles

## TL;DR

This paper reviews how bacterial outer membrane vesicles can be modified and used for medical purposes like vaccines and drug delivery.

## Contribution

The paper consolidates current research on OMV modification and application, offering insights to improve therapeutic strategies.

## Key findings

- OMVs have biocompatibility and immunogenic properties suitable for vaccine development and drug delivery.
- OMVs show promise in treating tumors, autoimmune diseases, and infections.
- Standardization challenges in OMV production and modification remain a barrier to broader clinical use.

## Abstract

Outer Membrane Vesicles (OMVs) are spherical nanovesicles naturally secreted by Gram-negative bacteria, playing key roles in nutrient uptake, toxin delivery, and the transmission of drug resistance. Recent studies have increasingly focused on the clinical potential of OMVs. Due to their remarkable biocompatibility and immunogenic properties, OMVs offer wide-ranging applications in vaccine development and antigen/drug delivery, showing great promise in the treatment of tumors, autoimmune diseases, and infections. However, challenges remain in standardizing the production and modification of OMVs, limiting their broader application. This review consolidates research on OMV modification and application, aiming to provide valuable insights to advance the development of OMV-based therapeutic strategies and clinical implementations.