High-yielding and scalable synthesis of furfural acetals using protonated κ-carrageenan as a biorenewable acid catalyst
Rachitha S. Natraj, Saikat Dutta
TL;DR
A new renewable acid catalyst from marine biomass efficiently produces furfural acetals with high yields and scalability.
Contribution
A biorenewable acid catalyst, protonated κ-carrageenan, enables high-yield synthesis of furfural acetals with excellent scalability and reusability.
Findings
Protonated κ-carrageenan (kCH) catalyzes acetalization of furfural derivatives with yields over 90%.
The catalyst is reusable without significant loss of activity and works with various glycols and aldehydes.
A 10 g scale synthesis of 2-(furan-2-yl)-1,3-dioxolane was successfully achieved.
Abstract
The acetals of carbohydrate-derived furfurals have potential applications as fuel oxygenates and chemical intermediates. This work reports the use of protonated κ-carrageenan (kCH) as a marine biomass-derived renewable acid catalyst for the acetalization of furfural and 5-methylfurfural with ethylene glycol, 1,2-propanediol, and 1,3-propanediol. Since these glycols have promising catalytic production routes from biomass, the corresponding acetals are biorenewable to their entirety. Cyclohexane was used as the water removal agent by azeotropic distillation in a Dean–Stark apparatus. The isolated yields of the acetals were excellent (>90%), and the 2-(furan-2-yl)-1,3-dioxolane was conveniently prepared on a 10 g scale. The broad substrate scope of the catalyst was demonstrated by the successful preparation of acetals from benzaldehyde in excellent isolated yields. The kCH catalyst was…
Genes, proteins, chemicals, diseases, species, mutations and cell lines named across the full text — each resolved to its canonical identifier and authoritative record.
Click any figure to enlarge with its caption.
Figure 1
Figure 2
Figure 3
Figure 4
Figure 5
Figure 6
Figure 7
Figure 8
Figure 9
Figure 10
Figure 11
Figure 12
Figure 13
Figure 14
Figure 15
Figure 16
Figure 17
Figure 18
Figure 19
Figure 20
Figure 21
Figure 22
Figure 23
Figure 24
Figure 25
Figure 26
Figure 27
Figure 28
Figure 29
Figure 30
Figure 31
Figure 32
Figure 33Peer Reviews
No public reviews on file for this paper yet. If you reviewed it on a platform where reviews are public (OpenReview, ICLR, NeurIPS, ICML), you can paste yours below so the community can read it here.
Videos
No videos yet. Explain this paper in a talk, walkthrough, or lecture? Add one.
Taxonomy
TopicsCatalysis for Biomass Conversion · Multicomponent Synthesis of Heterocycles · Carbohydrate Chemistry and Synthesis