# Combined Cavitation and Plasma in Water and Wastewater RemediationA Review

## TL;DR

This review explores how combining cavitation and plasma technologies can effectively treat water and wastewater with minimal additives and fast results.

## Contribution

The paper provides a comprehensive review of hybrid cavitation/plasma processes and their mechanisms for water remediation.

## Key findings

- Combined cavitation/plasma systems show synergistic effects in degrading pollutants and generating reactive species.
- These hybrid technologies are effective for environmental water remediation while maintaining biocell integrity.
- The review highlights the environmental impacts and future directions for these advanced oxidation processes.

## Abstract

As novel advanced oxidation processes, combined hydrodynamic
cavitation
(HC)/plasma and ultrasonic cavitation (UC)/plasma provide distinctive
benefits for wastewater treatments, such as being minimal or free
of additional additives, relevant fast processes with satisfactory
outcomes, and maintaining biocell integrity while avoiding cytotoxin
release, prolonged oxidation. A comprehensive review of hybrid processes
is essential to recognizing the recent advances in this field, to
improving awareness of the related mechanisms, and to guiding future
work. Herein, this review presents the mechanisms, synergistic effects,
the application, and the impact of critical factors of cavitation/plasma.
Furthermore, environmental impacts are stated, and future perspectives
are also recommended. Synergism occurred in both degradation and reactive
species generation, indicating that cavitation/plasma systems represent
one of the most effective hybrid technologies currently available
for environmental water remediation.