# Jokers in the deck: A new temperature setting for the Columbia Card Task

## TL;DR

This paper introduces a new version of the Columbia Card Task, called Toasty, which improves the measurement of risk-taking behavior by randomizing loss card placement and testing incentives.

## Contribution

The paper introduces a new hybrid version of the CCT (Toasty) and examines the impact of randomizing loss card placement and participant incentives.

## Key findings

- The Toasty version behaves similarly to the Warm version but provides additional insights into risk-taking behavior.
- Participants revealed loss cards roughly half the time and remained sensitive to game parameters like gain and loss amounts.
- Incentivizing participants had little impact on the number of cards revealed.

## Abstract

The Columbia Card Task (CCT) is a behavioral measure of risk-taking (BMRT), which has been cited over 1,500 times (Google Scholar, 3/1/2024). The original game had two versions (Hot and Cold), measuring affective and deliberative decision-making, respectively. Each version included 54 scored rounds where the loss cards were placed at the end, and nine unscored rounds where the loss cards were placed systematically among the gain cards. Over time, the CCT has gone through many iterations on critical components, such as the number of rounds, the position of the loss cards, and the introduction of a new version (Warm). Despite this, there are several issues with the CCT, notably a need for convergent validity with other measures of risk-taking. This paper reviews different iterations of the CCT, introduces a new (Toasty) version of the CCT that is a hybrid of the hot and warm versions, explores the consequences of randomly placing the loss cards among the gain cards consistent with instructions provided to participants, and examines the impact of incentivizing participants based on their score. Results (N = 405) show that the Toasty version behaves similarly to the Warm but provides additional insights into risk-taking behavior. When loss cards are placed randomly, participants are still sensitive to the game’s parameters (gain amount, loss amount, and number of loss cards) and reveal the loss cards roughly half the time. Incentivizing participants in our study had little impact on the number of cards revealed.

The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.3758/s13428-025-02932-8.