# The role of general practitioners in dementia diagnosis: a scoping review of clinical practice guidelines

## TL;DR

This paper reviews how clinical guidelines support general practitioners in diagnosing dementia, finding that most guidelines are not practical for everyday use in general practice.

## Contribution

The study identifies a gap between dementia diagnostic guidelines and the practical realities faced by general practitioners.

## Key findings

- Most dementia guidelines position GPs as key but are developed from a secondary-care perspective.
- Guidelines often ignore the limited consultation time available to general practitioners.
- Practical guidance on new biomarkers and therapies is largely missing from current guidelines.

## Abstract

Timely diagnosis of dementia is a public health priority, with general practitioners (GPs) central to symptom recognition and assessment. The emergence of biomarkers and anti-amyloid therapies makes accurate, timely diagnosis more critical than ever, introducing new complexities for general practice. Clinical practice guidelines (CPGs) are vital tools to support clinical decision-making, but their applicability to the general practice setting is uncertain.

This scoping review analyses how international CPGs define and support the GP's role in the dementia diagnostic process.

Following the Arksey and O’Malley scoping review framework, five electronic databases and multiple grey literature sources were searched for dementia CPGs published between 2019 and 2025. Guideline quality was assessed using selected domains of the Appraisal of Guidelines for Research & Evaluation II instrument (AGREE II).

Fifteen CPGs from a range of healthcare systems were included. Only two were specifically developed for general practice. While most CPGs positioned GPs as key to timely diagnosis, the recommendations were predominantly developed from a secondary-care perspective and failed to address the fundamental barrier of limited consultation time. Furthermore, practical guidance for GPs on integrating new biomarkers and anti-amyloid therapies was almost absent.

A disconnect exists between CPG recommendations and the realities of general practice, rendering much of the guidance aspirational rather than actionable. To be effective, future guidelines must ensure recommendations are feasible, address resource constraints, and establish clear pathways for the new biological era of dementia care. Without this, general practice will remain ill-equipped to meet the growing challenges of dementia diagnosis and management.