# A Review of the Literature on the Endocrine Disruptor Activity Testing of Bisphenols in Caenorhabditis elegans

## TL;DR

This paper reviews how the worm C. elegans is used to study the harmful effects of bisphenols, which are chemicals linked to health issues like neurological and reproductive disorders.

## Contribution

The paper provides a comprehensive review of methodologies and findings in using C. elegans for assessing bisphenol toxicity and highlights its role as a bridge between in vitro and mammalian studies.

## Key findings

- C. elegans is a useful model for high-throughput screening of bisphenol toxicity due to its genetic simplicity.
- The model has limitations, such as the lack of specific metabolic organs, which hinders direct extrapolation to mammals.
- C. elegans offers a powerful platform for early hazard identification and mechanistic screening of bisphenol analogues.

## Abstract

Endocrine disruptors, including bisphenol A, S, AF, and F, have been demonstrated to exhibit endocrine-disrupting activity. This phenomenon has been associated with a variety of health problems, including (but not limited to) neurological and reproductive disorders. Given the potential hazards, it is essential to have effective tools to assess their toxicity. The nematode Caenorhabditis elegans has become a widely used model organism for studying bisphenols because of its genetic simplicity and the conservation of its fundamental biological processes. This review article summarizes current knowledge of bisphenol toxicity and the use of the model organism C. elegans as a high-throughput system for investigating the toxicological profiles of BPA and its emerging alternatives. Furthermore, we highlight the specific methodologies for assessing the toxic effects of bisphenols in C. elegans. While highlighting its advantages, we critically discuss its limitations, including the absence of specific metabolic organs, which constrain direct extrapolation to mammalian systems. Based on available evidence, we conclude that C. elegans serves as an essential bridge between in vitro assays and mammalian models, offering a powerful platform for the early hazard identification and mechanistic screening of bisphenol analogues.