# Epidemiology of Musculoskeletal Injuries Among Climbers—A Systematic Review

## TL;DR

This review examines the types and risk factors of musculoskeletal injuries in lead climbing and bouldering, finding that overuse injuries are more common than acute ones, but risk factors remain unclear.

## Contribution

The study provides a systematic review of injury patterns and prevention in climbing, highlighting the need for standardized research methods.

## Key findings

- Overuse injuries to fingers and shoulders are more common than acute injuries in climbers.
- Risk factors like skill level, age, and preventive measures show inconsistent associations across studies.
- More rigorous research is needed to clarify injury mechanisms and develop prevention strategies.

## Abstract

Lead climbing and bouldering have witnessed a surge in popularity, particularly highlighted by their inclusion in prestigious events like the 2020 Summer Olympic Games in Tokyo. This systematic review aims to comprehensively assess existing literature on injury risk factors and prevention programs specific to these disciplines. We systematically searched PubMed, Web of Science, and SPORTDiscus up to November 2023. Methodological quality was appraised using the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) critical appraisal tools. Data synthesis involved qualitative analysis. Of 463 screened records, 7 studies were included, encompassing data from over 4000 climbers. The literature consistently indicates that overuse injuries—particularly to the fingers and shoulders—are more prevalent than acute injuries in adult population. However, evidence for specific risk factors is inconclusive and contradictory. Reported associations for higher skill level, age, and use of preventive measures (e.g., taping) were inconsistent across studies. Further research employing rigorous methodologies and long-term follow-up is warranted to elucidate injury mechanisms in lead climbing and bouldering. These investigations are crucial for informing clinical practice and developing sport-specific injury prevention strategies aimed at ensuring the safety and well-being of athletes in these disciplines. Future studies should focus on standardizing injury definitions and assessment methods and explore targeted preventive measures to address the unique risks associated with these sports.