# When Tears Signal Vasculitis: Bilateral Dacryoadenitis as the Initial Manifestation of Granulomatosis with Polyangiitis—Case Report

## TL;DR

A rare case of a 24-year-old woman with eye swelling as the first sign of a severe autoimmune disease highlights the importance of early diagnosis to prevent kidney damage.

## Contribution

This case report highlights the rare initial presentation of GPA as bilateral dacryoadenitis, emphasizing the importance of early diagnosis.

## Key findings

- Bilateral dacryoadenitis was the initial manifestation of GPA in a 24-year-old woman.
- Prompt ANCA testing and renal evaluation are crucial for early diagnosis and treatment of GPA.
- Incomplete renal recovery despite treatment underscores the need for early intervention to prevent irreversible damage.

## Abstract

Background and Clinical Significance: Granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA) is an ANCA-associated vasculitis that often affects the respiratory tract and kidneys, while ocular involvement is less common and may delay diagnosis. Bilateral dacryoadenitis as an initial manifestation is particularly uncommon and can obscure early recognition. Case Presentation: A 24-year-old woman presented with recurrent epistaxis, headaches, and progressive bilateral eyelid swelling. MRI showed enlarged lacrimal glands consistent with granulomatous dacryoadenitis. Over the following weeks, she developed systemic symptoms and rapidly progressive renal impairment. Serology revealed positive c-ANCA and anti-PR3 antibodies, and HRCT demonstrated pulmonary nodules and ground-glass opacities. Renal biopsy confirmed necrotizing pauci-immune crescentic glomerulonephritis. Despite treatment with glucocorticoids, cyclophosphamide, and rituximab, renal recovery was incomplete, necessitating hemodialysis. Conclusions: This case illustrates bilateral dacryoadenitis as an early sign of GPA and emphasizes the need for prompt ANCA testing and renal evaluation. Early recognition is crucial to prevent irreversible kidney damage.