# Modified Pechini-derived Na3V2(PO4)3/C with superior low-temperature performance for sodium-ion batteries

## TL;DR

A new sodium-ion battery cathode material performs well even at very low temperatures, making it a promising alternative to lithium-ion batteries.

## Contribution

A modified Pechini method was used to synthesize a NASICON-type Na3V2(PO4)3/C composite with superior low-temperature performance.

## Key findings

- The material delivered 74.13 mAh g−1 at −20 °C, retaining 76.26% of its room-temperature capacity.
- It retained 74.99% of its room-temperature capacity at −25 °C, showing strong subzero resilience.

## Abstract

Sodium-ion batteries (SIB) have attracted significant attention as promising alternatives to lithium-ion batteries, due to the abundance, low cost, and environmental compatibility of sodium resources. Among various SIB cathode materials, NASICON-type Na3V2(PO4)3 (NVP) stands out for its stable 3D framework and fast Na+ diffusion kinetics. However, its inherently low electronic conductivity has posed challenges for practical implementation. Promising in this context, the NASICON-structure NVP nanomaterial was successfully synthesized using a modified Pechini method. Owing to the reduced particle size and carbon coating, the cathode exhibits exceptional performance, demonstrating a capacity of 74.13 mAh g−1 at 0.2 C even at −20 °C, which is 76.26% of its room-temperature capacity. Furthermore, the electrode retained 74.99% of its room-temperature capacity at −25 °C, demonstrating outstanding low-temperature resilience. These results confirm that the modified Pechini-derived NVP/C composite is a highly promising cathode material for high-performance sodium-ion batteries operating under subzero conditions.

NASICON-type Na3V2(PO4)3/C synthesized by a modified Pechini method shows excellent low-temperature performance for sodium-ion batteries, delivering 74.13 mAh g−1 at −20 °C (76.26% retention) and maintaining 74.99% capacity at −25 °C, demonstrating strong subzero resilience.