# 1,4-Butandiol – Bestimmung von 1,4-Butandiol in der Luft am Arbeitsplatz mittels Gaschromatographie (GC-FID): Luftanalysen-Methode

## TL;DR

This paper describes a gas chromatography method to measure 1,4-butanediol levels in workplace air, ensuring worker safety by detecting exposure within occupational limits.

## Contribution

A validated analytical method for 1,4-butanediol detection in workplace air using gas chromatography with flame ionisation detection is presented.

## Key findings

- The method can detect 1,4-butanediol concentrations from 0.01 to 400 mg/m³, covering occupational exposure limits.
- The recovery rate is 95–101%, and the expanded uncertainty is below 29% for a 2-hour sampling period.
- The method is suitable for both long-term exposure assessment and short-term exposure limit verification.

## Abstract

The working group “Air Analyses” of the German Senate Commission for the Investigation of Health Hazards of Chemical Compounds in the Work Area (MAK Commission) developed and verified the presented analytical method. It is used to determine the levels of 1,4-butanediol [110-63-44] in workplace air. The method covers concentrations in the range from one hundredth up to twice the current occupational exposure limit value (OELV) of 200 mg/m3. The method is also suitable for verifying the short-term exposure limit (STEL; excursion factor 4) for the inhalable fraction and vapour. Samples are collected by drawing a defined volume of air through a glass fibre filter and a sampling tube filled with activated charcoal which are inserted in a GGP mini sampling system using a flow regulated pump at a volumetric flow rate of 0.333 l/min. Exposure during the shift is assessed with a sampling period of 2 hours and the short-term exposure with a period of 15 minutes. The 1,4-butanediol deposited on the glass fibre filter and adsorbed to the activated charcoal is extracted by liquid desorption with dichloromethane/methanol (7:3 (v/v)) and analysed by gas chromatography using flame ionisation detection. The quantitative determination is based on multiple-point calibrations with an internal standard. A relative limit of quantification (LOQ) of 2 mg/m3 is obtained for an air sample volume of 40 litres. As the LOQ for a sample volume of 5 litres is below 400 mg/m3, the STEL can also be measured. The recovery is 95–101% and the expanded uncertainty is below 29% for a sampling period of 2 hours.