# From neurotechnology to the classroom: the promise of brain–computer interfaces for training systems engineers

## TL;DR

This paper discusses how brain-computer interfaces could improve engineering education by adapting teaching to students' cognitive states.

## Contribution

A novel educational framework integrating BCI for adaptive learning and dropout prevention in systems engineering education.

## Key findings

- BCI can detect cognitive states like attention and frustration with high accuracy using low-cost EEG devices.
- BCI integration in education can support formative assessment and dynamic curricular adaptation.
- A scalable pilot model is proposed for universities, especially in Latin America, to implement BCI-based education.

## Abstract

This perspective article explores the transformative potential of brain–Computer Interfaces (BCI) in undergraduate systems engineering programs, a domain characterized by high attrition and a widening gap between rapid technological innovation and slower pedagogical change. I argue that BCI, by enabling real-time detection of cognitive states such as mental workload, attention, and frustration, can evolve from laboratory tools to central pedagogical instruments for adaptive, student-centered education. I review the state-of-the-art methods, which demonstrate the technical feasibility of low-cost electroencephalography (EEG) devices and machine learning algorithms that classify cognitive states with high accuracy in controlled settings. Building on this evidence, I outline concrete applications in three dimensions: formative assessment, dynamic curricular adaptation, and cognitive inclusion, with a specific emphasis on preventing dropout in foundational courses such as algorithms. I also examine ethical, technical, and pedagogical challenges, and propose a scalable, ethically grounded pilot model tailored for universities, particularly in Latin America. This study reports no empirical results. It synthesizes the existing evidence and proposes a roadmap for research and educational action.