# Meta-synthesis of qualitative research on family caregiving experiences for individuals with cognitive impairment: a systematic review

## TL;DR

This study combines findings from multiple qualitative studies to better understand the caregiving experiences of families caring for individuals with cognitive impairments.

## Contribution

The study introduces a meta-synthesis approach to consolidate qualitative data, revealing new categories of caregiving challenges and adaptation strategies.

## Key findings

- Caregivers and patients often lack understanding of dementia causes and symptoms.
- Caregiving experiences are frequently negative and involve relational challenges.
- Adaptive coping strategies and psychosocial support help caregivers adapt positively.

## Abstract

Qualitative studies on the caregiving experiences of families with individuals who have cognitive impairments are diverse; however, individual studies often fail to capture the multifaceted nature of caregivers' experiences. This research employed meta-synthesis to consolidate relevant findings, aiming to generate more comprehensive conclusions that can inform the development of caregiving intervention programs through systematic evidence synthesis.

We conducted a computerized systematic search of the PubMed, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, ProQuest, Embase, and Scopus databases to identify qualitative studies on the caregiving experiences of family caregivers of patients with cognitive impairment, covering the period from database inception to January 2025. Study quality was assessed using the Joanna Briggs Institute Center for Evidence-Based Health Care Quality Assessment Criteria (2016). The pooled meta-integration approach was employed to reanalyze, interpret, and synthesize qualitative findings, creating new categories through systematic reclassification and aggregation.

A total of 15 studies met the inclusion criteria, yielding 74 distinct findings. These findings were consolidated into 15 categories representing four synthesized outcomes: (1) insufficient understanding among patients and caregivers regarding dementia etiology and symptomatology, (2) negative caregiving experiences, (3) relational challenges within familial and social networks, and (4) adaptive modifications in coping strategies for dementia.

Family caregivers face multifaceted challenges in managing individuals with cognitive impairment; however, psychosocial support from familial, social, and societal networks facilitates positive adaptation. National governments and healthcare systems should prioritize service improvements that address the identified needs of both patients and caregivers through enhanced health service provision and targeted policy interventions.

DOI: 10.17605/OSF.IO/3CZ26.