# A case of isolated testicular Tuberculosis: Approach and management

## TL;DR

This paper presents a rare case of testicular tuberculosis and discusses its diagnosis and treatment.

## Contribution

The novelty lies in highlighting testicular TB as a possible cause of chronic scrotal swelling in TB-endemic regions.

## Key findings

- Testicular TB can present as chronic scrotal swelling without systemic symptoms.
- Histopathology confirmed granulomatous inflammation with caseous necrosis consistent with TB.
- Orchiectomy followed by anti-tubercular therapy was effective in this case.

## Abstract

Testicular tuberculosis is a rare form of genitourinary TB that often mimics conditions such as neoplasms or chronic epididymo-orchitis, making diagnosis challenging. We report a 60-year-old man with longstanding right testicular pain and swelling, no systemic symptoms, and a history of household TB exposure. Imaging showed a large hydrocele with suspected underlying pathology. Intraoperative findings revealed necrotic testicular tissue, prompting orchiectomy. Histopathology confirmed granulomatous inflammation with caseous necrosis consistent with TB. The patient began standard anti-tubercular therapy. This case highlights the need to consider testicular TB in chronic scrotal swelling, particularly in TB-endemic settings.