# Multi-resolution tone mapping for high dynamic range medical ultrasound images

## TL;DR

This study introduces a new image enhancement method to improve ultrasound image quality, especially for visualizing fetal kidneys in obese patients.

## Contribution

A novel tone-mapping algorithm using multi-resolution fusion and depth compensation for HDR ultrasound images is proposed and validated.

## Key findings

- The algorithm improved entropy by 5.4% and gCNR by up to 17.39% in fetal kidney visualization.
- It enhanced tissue differentiation and reduced noise while preserving fine details in ultrasound images.
- Results show potential clinical relevance for better anatomical visualization in obstetric diagnostics.

## Abstract

Ultrasound diagnostics is a key tool in obstetrics for detecting fetal anomalies and monitoring pregnancy, but image quality often declines in obese patients due to reduced contrast resolution. This pilot study develops and preliminarily validates a novel tone-mapping algorithm for enhancing contrast resolution in high dynamic range (HDR) ultrasound images. The method employs multi-resolution fusion with depth-adaptive weighting and depth compensation to improve contrast, enhance tissue differentiation, reduce noise, and preserve fine details. The algorithm was tested on 20 fetal ultrasound images focused on fetal kidney visualization. Quantitative evaluation showed a 5.4% mean increase in entropy and mean generalized contrast-to-noise ratio (gCNR) improvements of 15.79%, 8.93%, and 17.39% between fetal kidneys and amniotic fluid, far-field objects and fluid, and fetal kidneys and adjacent tissues, respectively, compared with an existing method. These results demonstrate improved anatomical visualization, particularly of fetal kidneys, with potential clinical relevance.