# Dietary polyphenols and sarcopenia: epigenetic mechanisms and geroscience perspectives for muscle health in aging

## TL;DR

This paper reviews how dietary polyphenols may help prevent muscle loss in aging by affecting molecular and epigenetic processes.

## Contribution

The paper highlights novel epigenetic mechanisms and geroscience strategies for improving muscle health with polyphenols.

## Key findings

- Polyphenols modulate mTOR, NF-κB, and AMPK pathways to reduce inflammation and oxidative stress.
- They influence DNA methylation and microRNA regulation, potentially preserving muscle mass and strength.
- Combining polyphenols with physical exercise shows promise for integrated geroscience approaches.

## Abstract

This review explores the effects of dietary polyphenols, such as resveratrol, quercetin, epigallocatechin gallate, and curcumin, on sarcopenia, with a particular focus on the underlying molecular and epigenetic mechanisms. These bioactive compounds may modulate key signaling pathways, including mTOR, NF-κB, and AMPK, while also influencing epigenetic processes such as DNA methylation, histone modifications, and microRNA regulation. Through these actions, polyphenols may reduce oxidative stress and chronic low-grade inflammation (inflammaging), enhance mitochondrial function, and contribute to the preservation of muscle mass and strength in older adults. Evidence from experimental and clinical studies investigating the impact of polyphenols on muscle health and their potential in the prevention or attenuation of sarcopenia will be discussed. In addition, current challenges and future perspectives will be addressed, emphasizing the role of epigenetic biomarkers and the potential synergy with physical exercise as part of integrated geroscience strategies to optimize muscle health during aging.