Heavy adolescent drinking makes the adult brain more vulnerable to ethanol by permanently altering the age-dependent interplay between alcohol, GIRK channels and activin

TL;DR

Heavy drinking during adolescence makes the adult brain more sensitive to alcohol by permanently altering how alcohol interacts with specific brain channels and proteins.

Contribution

The study reveals how adolescent binge drinking disrupts the age-dependent interaction between alcohol, GIRK channels, and activin A, leading to lasting ethanol sensitivity.

Findings

Activin A reduces ethanol-evoked GIRK current in adult mice but enhances it in young mice.

Adolescent binge drinking prevents the normal maturation of the activin A effect on GIRK channels.

Baclofen suppresses the enhanced GIRK response to ethanol after heavy adolescent drinking.

Abstract

Adolescent binge drinking is a risk behavior associated with the development of neuropsychiatric disorders later in life, but the pathophysiological mechanisms rendering the adolescent brain vulnerable to the long-term consequences of heavy alcohol consumption are only partially understood. Here, we used a mouse model of adolescent binge drinking and focussed on G protein-gated inwardly rectifying potassium (GIRK) channels which are a molecular target of both ethanol and the pluripotent growth and differentiation factor activin A. In whole-cell recordings from dentate gyrus granule cells in brain slices from alcohol-naive mice, we found a striking reversal of the effect of activin A on ethanol-evoked GIRK current as the mice matured: Whereas activin A reduced the ethanol response in cells from adult mice, the already lower ethanol threshold in cells from young mice was brought down even further by activin A. In cells from adult mice with binge drinking-like experience in their youth, the reversal of the activin effect on ethanol-evoked GIRK current with maturation was abrogated, thereby perpetuating the adolescent phenotype of activin-boosted ethanol sensitivity into adulthood. Underscoring the translational significance of an aberrantly enhanced GIRK current response to ethanol, the GABAB receptor agonist baclofen, which is used as an “off-label” prescription against alcohol use disorders, suppressed the permanently enhanced GIRK response to ethanol after heavy adolescent drinking.

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