# The Botucatu Document: One health antifungal resistance policies — A call for action

## TL;DR

Experts in Brazil created a unified plan to combat antifungal resistance in fungi like Aspergillus fumigatus by integrating health, agriculture, and environmental sectors.

## Contribution

The Botucatu Document introduces a One Health policy framework for antifungal resistance in Brazil, emphasizing cross-sector collaboration and governance.

## Key findings

- The Botucatu Document outlines coordinated national actions for antifungal resistance in Brazil.
- It emphasizes the need for environmental aerobiome surveillance and fungicide regulation.
- The document promotes FAIR data transparency and cross-sector governance for AMR.

## Abstract

Antifungal resistance in Aspergillus fumigatus and other environmental fungi represents a growing global threat to human health, driven in part by agricultural fungicide use. The scale of the threat is masked by inadequate multisector surveillance. In December 2025, the Brazilian Network Meeting on Aspergillus fumigatus Antimicrobial Resistance convened clinical, agricultural, environmental, and public-health experts to address these challenges using a One Health framework. Through a structured plenary deliberation, participants approved “The Botucatu Document: One Health Antifungal Resistance Policies — A Call for Action,” a unified Public Statement of Concern outlining governance principles and coordinated national actions for Brazil. The Statement reflects consensus across four Working Groups on clinical surveillance, environmental monitoring, fungicide regulation, and public health communication. Together, these directives call for independent AMR data collection, FAIR transparency, cross-sector governance, strengthened laboratory capacity, environmental aerobiome surveillance, new fungicide risk-assessment criteria, and comprehensive One Health communication strategies. This manuscript presents the full Public Statement as approved verbatim, situates it within global AMR policy frameworks, and highlights implications for Brazil's forthcoming National AMR Action Plan (2026–2031). The Botucatu Document represents a milestone in aligning agricultural and clinical sectors around a shared One Health AMR agenda.