# Influence of diurnal variations on cognitive coordination and misunderstanding in elite male handball players

## TL;DR

This study finds that elite male handball players perform better cognitively in the afternoon and evening compared to mornings.

## Contribution

The study introduces a novel approach to analyzing cognitive coordination in sports using the RPD model and diurnal timing.

## Key findings

- Morning sessions showed more cognitive contradictions and misunderstandings compared to afternoon and evening.
- Afternoon and evening are optimal for cognitive coordination and collective performance in handball.
- Circadian rhythms significantly affect team coordination and shared understanding in sports.

## Abstract

This study examined how the time of day influences cognitive coordination in elite male handball players. We investigated misunderstandings and contradictions during cognitive exchanges to identify optimal times for shared understanding and collective performance. Six elite male handball players (age 17.5 ± 0.2 years) from Tunisia’s first division participated in simulated matches at three different time points: (10h00, 14h00, and 18h00). We analyzed cognitive coordination using audiovisual recordings and self-confrontation interviews, applying the Recognition-Primed Decision (RPD) model. Results revealed significantly higher frequencies of contradictory and misunderstanding coordination forms during morning sessions compared to afternoon and evening sessions across all cognitive components (actions, relevant cues, goals, expectations). These findings suggest that circadian factors influence team cognitive coordination, with the afternoon and evening periods being optimal for collective performance, which requires sophisticated coordination and a shared understanding.