# Pasteurella multocida Bacteremia in a Young Infant

## TL;DR

A young infant developed a rare P. multocida infection likely from contact with a dog, highlighting the need for parental awareness of animal-related transmission risks.

## Contribution

This case report emphasizes indirect animal-to-infant transmission of P. multocida and the importance of hygiene practices.

## Key findings

- P. multocida bacteremia was diagnosed in a 30-day-old infant with no prior symptoms.
- The infection was successfully treated with ampicillin and resolved without developmental issues.
- Contact with a dog at home is suspected as the source of transmission.

## Abstract

Pasteurella multocida is a rare cause of infection in the pediatric age group that can lead to severe systemic disease and is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. This bacterium is found in the normal nasopharyngeal flora of domestic animals. Transmission can occur through direct traumatic contact or indirectly via animal saliva. We present the case of a 30-day-old male infant who attended a neonatology follow-up visit with no parental concerns. On physical examination, the infant showed intermittent periods of whining, ill appearance, reduced vitality, and poor peripheral perfusion. There was no history of fever. No relevant epidemiological context was identified. He had contact with a dog at home. Blood tests were performed, revealing hyperglycemia (256 mg/dL) and a slight increase in C-reactive protein (18.3 mg/L), with normal blood count and lactate levels. After hospital admission, he developed fever and molting skin. Subsequent blood tests revealed increased C-reactive protein (75.5 mg/L) and slightly raised lactate (3.5 mmol/L), with persistent hyperglycemia (181 mg/dL). He began empirical antibiotic therapy with ceftriaxone and ampicillin. Blood culture was positive for P. multocida, susceptible to all tested antibiotics; therefore, ceftriaxone was suspended, and ampicillin was continued for 14 days. He had a favorable clinical course. After discharge, follow-up visits were maintained until two years of age, and no abnormalities in growth or development were identified. This case aims to highlight that indirect contact through respiratory droplets or licking from domestic animals may transmit the infection. Therefore, it is important to remind the parents of the risks associated with close contact between animals and infants and advise them on hygienic measures when handling their children.