# Development and Characterization of CASSAVA Starch-Based Biodegradable Films Reinforced with Kaolin and Andiroba Oil

## TL;DR

This paper develops biodegradable films from cassava and corn starch reinforced with kaolin and andiroba oil to improve packaging sustainability and functionality.

## Contribution

The study introduces a novel biodegradable film formulation combining starch, kaolin, and andiroba oil to enhance mechanical and bioactive properties.

## Key findings

- Starch-based films with kaolin and andiroba oil showed improved mechanical and thermal properties.
- The inorganic reinforcement significantly enhanced biodegradability and barrier properties.
- Factorial design experiments confirmed the impact of starch and plasticizer mass on film performance.

## Abstract

The effects of excessive
consumption of nonrenewable
packaging
are detrimental to the environment and human health. In this context,
the development of new biodegradable packaging incorporating active
ingredients is a technological imperative; however, improving the
mechanical and thermal properties of these materials remains a challenge.
Therefore, the objective of this study was to develop and characterize
biodegradable films based on cornstarch and cassava starch, incorporating
andiroba oil and inorganic kaolin reinforcement, focusing on improving
their physical, structural, barrier, and bioactive (antioxidant/antimicrobial)
properties. The starchy materials presented morphologies consistent
with those found in literature. The oil had an acidity index above
that permitted by ANVISA, but while it was suitable for incorporation
into the films, the other characteristics met the quality standards
for vegetable oils. The kaolin presented particle size, crystalline
structure, and morphology consistent with the literature. Biofilms
were then developed using glycerol as a plasticizer and distilled
water as a solvent, promoting the gelatinization process of the starch
matrix and inorganic reinforcement of the kaolin. A factorial design
was performed to evaluate the influence of starch mass, plasticizer
mass, and kaolin mass on the thickness, water solubility, and water
vapor permeability of the films, as well as to analyze their mechanical
properties and biodegradability. It was demonstrated that the starch
matrix mass and plasticizer mass were statistically significant for
the behavior of the response variables studied. Furthermore, the inorganic
reinforcement contributed significantly to improving the mechanical
properties and biodegradability of active films. Therefore, the films
obtained have potential for application in the development of biodegradable
packaging that ensures higher quality packaged food.