# Probing the Phase Composition and Surface Roughness in the Biological Response of Additively Manufactured Titanium Alloy Bioimplants

## TL;DR

This paper investigates how the surface roughness and phase composition of titanium implants affect their biological performance, finding that surface roughness has a stronger impact than phase differences.

## Contribution

The study reveals that surface roughness has a more significant effect on biological performance than phase composition differences in titanium bioimplants.

## Key findings

- Surface roughness was found to have a stronger influence on biological performance than phase composition differences.
- HIP-ed Ti-6Al-4V samples showed better cell viability compared to as-built LPBF-ed samples.
- A relatively rougher surface appears to enhance biological performance.

## Abstract

Titanium alloys, mainly Ti-6Al-4V, are renowned for their
impressive
strength-to-weight ratio and stand as some of the most widely used
metallic materials for bioimplants. Additive manufacturing introduces
a paradigm shift in the short turnaround times for the availability
of such implants. The biological performance of these implants is
critical to ensure their success and is understood to be affected
by a variety of factors, including surface characteristics and phase
composition of the material, often determined by the manufacturing
approach. The experimental investigation of the difference in biological
performance caused by surface roughness and phase compositions resulting
from manufacturing methods that involve laser powder bed fusion (LPBF)
and hot isostatic pressing (HIP) has been conducted. Surface roughness
was found to be the prevailing effect over the reported phase composition
difference, with a relatively rougher surface seeming to be better
for biological performance in this contribution. Meanwhile, HIP-ed
Ti-6Al-4V samples exhibit better cell viability compared to that of
the as-built LPBF-ed Ti-6Al-4V samples.