# Sensory processing sensitivity and overstimulation in daily life: an experience sampling method study

## TL;DR

This study explores how sensitive individuals experience overstimulation in daily life and finds that their sensitivity affects their reactions to sensory and social environments.

## Contribution

The study uses experience sampling to show how Sensory Processing Sensitivity influences overstimulation in real-time and real-life contexts.

## Key findings

- Overstimulation increases in the afternoon to early evening and in the presence of others.
- Highly sensitive individuals report higher overstimulation when exposed to unpleasant sensory stimuli or when fatigued or in a negative mood.
- Pleasant sensory stimuli and positive moods reduce overstimulation in more sensitive individuals.

## Abstract

Individuals differ in how they perceive and process social and sensory information in their environment, a personality trait known as Sensory Processing Sensitivity (SPS). Approximately 30% of the general population scores high on this trait making them more responsive to both negative and positive environmental influences than individuals lower in SPS. Overstimulation is one of the biggest challenges associated with SPS. Associations between SPS, triggers, and fluctuations of overstimulation in everyday life were examined using an experience sampling method study (during one week with 5 prompts a day) in 139 healthy adults. Results showed that overstimulation increased in the afternoon to early evening and in the presence of others. Furthermore, more sensitive individuals reported higher levels of overstimulation when auditory and visual stimuli were rated as unpleasant, when fatigued, or in a negative mood. Yet, more sensitive individuals reported lower levels of overstimulation with momentary pleasant auditory and visual stimuli, when not fatigued, and in a positive mood at the current moment. Everyone, but particularly individuals high in SPS, may benefit from interventions preventing fatigue, promoting positive mood and the pleasantness of sensory stimuli in their daily environments to reduce feelings of overstimulation.

The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1038/s41598-025-31629-3.