# Specialty grand challenge for molecular and structural endocrinology: celebrating successes and the future ahead

**Authors:** Debbie C. Thurmond

PMC · DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2025.1756684 · Frontiers in Endocrinology · 2026-01-02

## Full-text entities

- **Genes:** GCGR (glucagon receptor) [NCBI Gene 2642] {aka GGR, GL-R, MVAH}, GIPR (gastric inhibitory polypeptide receptor) [NCBI Gene 2696] {aka PGQTL2}, INS (insulin) [NCBI Gene 3630] {aka IDDM, IDDM1, IDDM2, ILPR, IRDN, MODY10}, GLP1R (glucagon like peptide 1 receptor) [NCBI Gene 2740] {aka GLP-1, GLP-1-R, GLP-1R}, INSR (insulin receptor) [NCBI Gene 3643] {aka CD220, HHF5}
- **Diseases:** cardiovascular disease (MESH:D002318), endocrinopathies (MESH:C567425), type 2 diabetes (MESH:D003924), autoimmune diabetes (MESH:D003922), linked (MESH:C536424), Alzheimer's disease (MESH:D000544), diabetes (MESH:D003920), obesity (MESH:D009765), overweight (MESH:D050177), insulin-dependent type 2 diabetes (MESH:C565100)
- **Chemicals:** GLP-1RAs (-)
- **Species:** Homo sapiens (human, species) [taxon 9606]

## Full text

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## References

4 references — full list in the complete paper: https://tomesphere.com/paper/PMC12807884/full.md

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Source: https://tomesphere.com/paper/PMC12807884