# Systematic Reviews as Part of Doctoral Theses and for the Promotion to Associate Professor: A Descriptive Study of University Policies in Sweden

## TL;DR

This study examines how Swedish universities value systematic reviews in PhD theses and associate professor promotions, finding that they are generally accepted but with some restrictions.

## Contribution

The study provides a current overview of Swedish university policies on systematic reviews in academic merit evaluation.

## Key findings

- All seven medical faculties in Sweden accept at least one systematic review in a PhD thesis.
- Six faculties accept systematic reviews for associate professor promotions, with one requiring meta-analyses.
- Some universities impose restrictions on the number of systematic reviews accepted.

## Abstract

Almost a decade ago, about half of biomedical PhD programs across Europe specifically stated that systematic reviews could not be accepted as part of a doctoral thesis, illustrating limited merit value at that time. The aim of this study was to explore current Swedish university policies on this research design.

Policy documents for PhD theses and applications to associate professor positions were obtained from all medical faculties at universities in Sweden. Instructions regarding systematic reviews, with focus on their merit value and related aspects, were independently extracted and categorized by two authors, with discrepancies resolved in consensus discussions.

All seven medical faculties accepted at least one systematic review within a PhD thesis, five restricted the number of such studies accepted, and five provided instructions regarding this study design. Regarding policies for promotion to associate professor, six medical faculties accepted at least one published systematic review to merit recognition―the remaining one required meta‐analyses for acceptance―and three explicitly restricted the number of systematic reviews. No restrictions or guidance were provided for other designs intended to answer specific research questions.

As of 2025, systematic reviews appear to be generally recognized as contributing to authors' academic merit. For this research design exclusively, some universities impose restrictions that may limit their recognition, and some provide guidance which may help ensure quality in reporting. These findings may encourage research to evaluate the merit value of systematic reviews in other settings, and to examine potential implications of restrictions and guidance in policy documents.