# Protocol for simulating the effect of THz electromagnetic field on ion channels

## TL;DR

This paper presents a simulation protocol to determine how THz electromagnetic fields affect ion channels, focusing on identifying key frequencies.

## Contribution

A universal simulation protocol for identifying THz frequencies affecting ion channels is introduced.

## Key findings

- A broad frequency band (1–20 THz) was found to affect CaV channels.
- The protocol combines frequency spectrum and ion conductance analysis.
- The study provides a theoretical foundation for future THz experimental research.

## Abstract

Terahertz (THz) electromagnetic fields are increasingly recognized for their crucial roles in various aspects of medical research and treatment. Recent computational studies have demonstrated that THz waves can modulate ion channel function by interacting with either the channel proteins or the bound ions through distinct mechanisms. Here, we outline a universal simulation protocol to identify the THz frequencies that may affect ion channels, which consists of frequency spectrum analysis and ion conductance analysis. Following this protocol, we studied the effect of the THz field on a CaV channel and found a broad frequency band in the 1–20 THz range. We believe that this protocol, along with the identified characteristic frequencies, will provide a theoretical foundation for future terahertz experimental studies.