Pharynx associated musculature in the Stilbonematinae (Desmodoroidea, Nematoda) with focus on the spiral muscle as a synapomorphic trait between Dorylaimia and Chromadoria
Philipp Pröts, Jörg A. Ott
TL;DR
This study finds shared muscle structures in two nematode groups, supporting their evolutionary relationship and revealing how these muscles aid in feeding.
Contribution
The discovery of homologous spiral muscles and pharynx musculature supports a sister-group relationship between Dorylaimia and Chromadoria.
Findings
Somato-pharyngeal muscles are homologous and part of the ancestral nematode body plan.
Homologous spiral muscles and buccal dilators in Dorylaimia and Chromadoria support their sister-group relationship.
Spiral coil number correlates with pharynx slenderness, aligning with a known pharynx model.
Abstract
Recent molecular phylogenies of Nematoda have suggested a sister-group relationship between Dorylaimia and Chromadoria, but supporting morphological evidence has so far been lacking. Using immunohistochemistry in combination with confocal laser scanning microscopy, we identified pharynx-associated musculature in Stilbonematinae, consisting of buccal dilators, somato-pharyngeal muscles, and a longitudinal spiral muscle encircling nearly the entire pharynx. To trace the evolutionary origin of these structures, we extended our investigation to closely related marine outgroups within Desmodorida but also the basally branching Chromadorida and Enoplia. Somato-pharyngeal muscles, which arise from the body wall musculature and attach to the pharynx surface, function as retractors in Chromadoria and Dorylaimia. In some Enoplia, however, they extend towards the posterior pharynx and act as…
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Taxonomy
TopicsParasite Biology and Host Interactions · Marine Biology and Ecology Research · Parasitic Diseases Research and Treatment