Mpox virus replicates in lung organoids without significantly affecting their cellular function

TL;DR

This study shows that the mpox virus can replicate in lung organoids without causing major changes to their function or gene activity.

Contribution

The novel use of lung organoids to demonstrate MPXV replication without significant cellular impact in respiratory tissue.

Findings

MPXV replicates in lung organoids without altering histological structure.

MPXV infection does not significantly change gene expression of lung markers.

Proinflammatory cytokine production remains unchanged after MPXV infection.

Abstract

Patients with mpox may present with a skin rash and mild respiratory symptoms, including sore throat and cough. The genome of the mpox virus (MPXV) has been detected in throat swab specimens from some mpox patients, indicating potential involvement of the respiratory tract. In this study, we used lung organoids to investigate the effects of MPXV infection on the respiratory system by evaluating the viral replication and the infection-mediated host response. MPXV infection resulted in the accumulation of high levels of viral genomes within the cells. H&E staining showed almost no histological differences between MPXV-infected lung organoids and uninfected lung organoids. In addition, RNA-seq analysis revealed that MPXV infection did not significantly alter the gene expression levels of various lung markers. MPXV infection did not change the production of proinflammatory cytokines, including interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β), interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), and interferon-beta (IFN-β). These findings suggest that MPXV can replicate in lung organoids without significantly affecting their cellular function.

Image 1

•Lung organoids can be used to study MPXV effects on the respiratory tissue.•Gene expression of lung markers remained unchanged after MPXV infection.•MPXV infection did not change proinflammatory cytokine production.

Lung organoids can be used to study MPXV effects on the respiratory tissue.

Gene expression of lung markers remained unchanged after MPXV infection.

MPXV infection did not change proinflammatory cytokine production.

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