Biofilm Analysis by Confocal Microscopy—Basics and Practical Aspects
Thomas R. Neu, Ute Kuhlicke
TL;DR
This paper provides a beginner's guide to using confocal microscopy for studying biofilms, combining theory and practical advice.
Contribution
The paper offers a comprehensive and accessible introduction to confocal microscopy with a focus on biofilm analysis.
Findings
Confocal microscopy enables detailed imaging of three-dimensional microbial communities.
The paper compiles 25 years of experience and practical insights for biofilm analysis.
It provides guidance on fluorescence, resolution, and sample preparation for confocal imaging.
Abstract
This review is intended as a guideline for beginners in confocal laser scanning microscopy. It combines basic theoretical concepts, such as fluorescence principles, resolution limits, and imaging parameters with practical guidance on sample preparation, staining strategies, and data acquisition using confocal microscopy. The aim is to combine technical and methodological aspects in order to provide a comprehensive and accessible introduction. The main application is in microbiology, with a focus on biofilms and bio‐aggregates; although other researchers in biology may benefit from this survey. In this primer, we compiled 25 years of experience with confocal microscopy, four generations of instruments, diverse national and international projects, and many different samples of PhD students, PostDocs, and senior scientists from various countries. Development and detachment of an…
Genes, proteins, chemicals, diseases, species, mutations and cell lines named across the full text — each resolved to its canonical identifier and authoritative record.
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Taxonomy
TopicsAdvanced Fluorescence Microscopy Techniques · Cell Image Analysis Techniques · Photoacoustic and Ultrasonic Imaging