# Neighborhood Differences in Omnipresent Policing and Sleep Health in New York City: Protocol for a Multimethod Quantitative Study

## TL;DR

This study explores how policing and surveillance in different New York City neighborhoods affect sleep health, focusing on disparities among residents.

## Contribution

The study introduces a novel focus on the relationship between omnipresent policing and sleep health disparities in segregated neighborhoods.

## Key findings

- More than 100 participants have been enrolled in the baseline survey as of August 2025.
- The study will assess how neighborhood conditions and policing impact sleep health through surveys and audits.

## Abstract

Poor or insufficient sleep is associated with numerous adverse, potentially serious physical and mental health outcomes. Equally concerning are the substantial racial, gender, and socioeconomic disparities, with minorities and those experiencing poverty disproportionately affected by poor sleep quality and sleep disorders. Both theory and research suggest that sleep health is negatively impacted by concentrated poverty at the neighborhood level due to the deterioration of the built and social environments, thereby creating conditions that disrupt sleep.

This research considers an under-studied factor related to these conditions and sleep health—policing and police surveillance. Specifically, the study compares 4 neighborhoods within New York City at different levels of residential segregation.

The study design consists of a baseline survey, with 40 residents recruited in each neighborhood, and a 1-week diary phase with a subsample of residents. Neighborhood conditions are also assessed in each of the neighborhoods using a neighborhood audit tool.

The study received funding in July 2024. Data collection commenced in September 2024. As of August 2025, we have enrolled more than 100 participants in the baseline survey. Planned analyses will begin once data collection has concluded.

This information will help establish the extent to which surveillance and policing differentially impact the lives of New Yorkers as a function of where they live. Specifically, the results should be relevant and important for understanding the impact of novel policing strategies on underprivileged neighborhoods. This exploratory research will be useful for identifying populations and residential settings that may be most at risk for poor sleep health.

DERR1-10.2196/82605