# Exploring Spiritual Concerns, Needs, and Resources in Outpatient Healthcare Facilities Serving Under-Resourced Black Patients: A Qualitative Study

## TL;DR

This study explores how spiritual concerns are addressed in healthcare for older Black patients with chronic illnesses, highlighting the need for culturally responsive spiritual care.

## Contribution

The study identifies specific spiritual care needs and barriers among under-resourced Black patients and proposes a tailored intervention for outpatient settings.

## Key findings

- Spirituality is deeply important to chronically ill older Black patients in the South.
- Spiritual care interventions should be integrated into medical care and adapted to patients' socioeconomic realities.
- Participants found the SCAI intervention appropriate but suggested it be shortened and delivered in-person for better accessibility.

## Abstract

Acknowledging patients’ spiritual concerns can enhance well-being and is essential to patient-centered chronic illness care. However, unmet spiritual care needs remain a major area of suffering, particularly among under-resourced populations. Limited research exists on how spiritual concerns are acknowledged and integrated into the care of chronically ill older Black patients in these settings.

This study aimed to explore the spiritual concerns and needs of chronically ill older Black patients from under-resourced areas and to identify available spiritual support resources for patients seeking healthcare through a community safety net health service.

Using a qualitative descriptive design, we interviewed 13 chronically ill, older Black patients and key clinicians (physicians, nurse practitioners, allied health, and clergy). The interview focused on patients’ illness-related spiritual concerns, sources of distress, and desired spiritual support resources. Participants also reviewed the Spiritual Care and Assessment Intervention (SCAI), a spiritual care intervention, and provided feedback on its content, format, and delivery.

Five themes emerged from qualitative interviews: (1) spirituality is integral to seriously ill Southern patients; (2) clinicians should strive to address spiritual health in encounters; (3) socioeconomic barriers and competing demands impact priority of accessing spiritual care services; (4) spiritual care interventions should be patient-driven, compassionate, and fully integrated into medical care as a comprehensive service; and (5) participants thought SCAI was appropriate for use but should be shortened and provided in-person to increase accessibility.

Findings will inform the development and piloting of small-scale culturally responsive spiritual care intervention tailored for seriously ill older Black adults in an ambulatory care setting.

The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s40615-024-02258-9.