# Synergistic Effects of Nanochitosan and Demineralized Dentin Matrix on Alveolar Bone Substitution

## TL;DR

This study shows that combining nanochitosan, Black Soldier Fly pupae, and dentin matrix improves bone healing after tooth extraction in guinea pigs.

## Contribution

The novel contribution is demonstrating the synergistic effect of nanochitosan, BSF pupae, and DDM on bone regeneration biomarkers in alveolar sockets.

## Key findings

- The treatment group showed increased osteoblasts and OPG expression.
- The treatment group had decreased osteoclasts and RANKL expression.
- The effects were observed consistently on days 7, 14, and 21 post-treatment.

## Abstract

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of a combination of nanochitosan, Black Soldier Fly (BSF) (Hermetia illucens) pupae, and Demineralized Dentin Matrix (DDM) from human teeth in forming Receptor Activator of Nuclear Factor Kappa-B Ligand (RANKL), Osteoprotegerin (OPG), osteoblasts, and osteoclasts after tooth extraction in guinea pigs. A sample of 18 guinea pigs (Cavia cobaya) was randomly assigned to two groups: the treatment group (T) (n=9) and the control group (C) (n=9). The left mandibular incisor of the guinea pigs was extracted, after which the socket in the control (C) group was applied with polyethylene glycol gel as a homogeneity treatment, followed by suturing with non-absorbable silk, In the treatment (T) group, a gel composed of nanochitosan BSF pupae and DDM (NBSF+DDM) was applied to the socket, followed by suturing with non-absorbable silk. The samples were euthanized, and the mandibles were dissected on days 7, 14, and 21 to observe the number of osteoblasts and osteoclasts, and then the expression of OPG and RANKL, which are key biomarkers of bone regeneration. The results of this study showed an increase in the number of osteoblasts and the expression of OPG, a decrease in the number of osteoclasts and the expression of RANKL. The combination of nanochitosan BSF pupae and DDM from human teeth affects increasing the expression of OPG and osteoblasts, while decreasing RANKL and osteoclasts on the 7th, 14th, and 21st days, and may help improve bone remodeling.