# P-1651. Long-term Outcomes Compared between Children Hospitalized for Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children (MIS-C) and Children Hospitalized for Acute COVID-19, New Vaccine Surveillance Network (NVSN) — United States, 2020-2022

## TL;DR

This study compares long-term health outcomes of children hospitalized for MIS-C versus those hospitalized for acute COVID-19, finding differences in symptoms and diagnoses over two years.

## Contribution

The study provides novel insights into the long-term health impacts of MIS-C and acute COVID-19 in children, highlighting distinct post-hospitalization outcomes.

## Key findings

- Children with MIS-C more frequently had cardiac dysfunction and cardiovascular conditions post-hospitalization.
- Children with COVID-19 more commonly developed asthma, cardiorespiratory symptoms, and sleep disturbances after hospitalization.
- MIS-C patients were older, had fewer underlying conditions, and more often required ICU admission compared to those with acute COVID-19.

## Abstract

Few studies compare long-term outcomes in children hospitalized for multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) with children hospitalized for acute COVID-19. To inform clinical care and resource allocation, we compared patient characteristics and new post-hospitalization symptoms and diagnoses.Table 1.Clinical and demographic characteristics of children hospitalized for MIS-C or acute COVID-19 at time of hospitalizationTable 2.Number of children with new symptoms or diagnoses documented by ICD-10 code in the two years post-hospitalization for MIS-C or acute COVID-19

Clinical and demographic characteristics of children hospitalized for MIS-C or acute COVID-19 at time of hospitalization

Number of children with new symptoms or diagnoses documented by ICD-10 code in the two years post-hospitalization for MIS-C or acute COVID-19

Children ≤18 years hospitalized April 2020-April 2022 for MIS-C or COVID-19 at 7 medical centers in the New Vaccine Surveillance Network (NVSN) were included. All children with MIS-C were identified from medical records; children with COVID-19 were limited to those previously enrolled in NVSN. Record abstraction and electronic data extraction were used to collect hospitalization data, and ICD-10 codes of interest within the hospital system in the 2 years before and after hospitalization. “New” symptoms and diagnoses were defined as those with ICD-10 codes not present pre-hospitalization and present post-hospitalization. We used Pearson’s chi-squared, Fisher's exact, and Wilcoxon rank sum tests to assess differences in characteristics and outcomes between MIS-C and COVID-19 patients.

Among 736 children with MIS-C and 503 with COVID-19, children with MIS-C were older (median age 9.0 vs 4.1 years), lived in areas with lower median social vulnerability index scores (0.51 vs 0.60), and more often had no underlying medical conditions (76% vs 47%) (p< 0.001 for all; Table 1). Children with MIS-C more often required ICU admission (35% vs 15%; p< 0.001). After hospitalization, 55% in each group had ≥ 1 new diagnosis or symptom. Children with MIS-C more frequently had cardiac dysfunction (5% vs 1%) or other cardiovascular conditions (22% vs 7%) (p< 0.001 for each; Table 2). Children with COVID-19 more frequently had new diagnoses of asthma (13% vs 5%, p< 0.001), cardiorespiratory symptoms (23% vs 16%, p=0.002), gastrointestinal conditions (22% vs 17%, p=0.033), and sleep disturbances (8% vs 2%, p< 0.001; Table 2).

Children hospitalized for MIS-C and COVID-19 differed by several characteristics including age, underlying conditions, and illness severity. After hospitalization, children with MIS-C more frequently had cardiac conditions; children with COVID-19 more frequently had respiratory, gastrointestinal, and sleep-related symptoms or diagnoses.

Brian R. Lee, PhD, MPH, Merck: Grant/Research Support Elizabeth P. Schlaudecker, MD, MPH, Gilead: Grant/Research Support|Pfizer: Grant/Research Support|Sanofi Pasteur: Advisor/Consultant Marian G. Michaels, MD, MPH, Merck: Grant/Research Support Danielle M. Zerr, MD MPH, AlloVir: Advisor/Consultant|Merck (Any division): Grant/Research Support Geoffrey A. Weinberg, MD, Inhalon Biopharma: Advisor/Consultant|Merck & Co: Honoraria Mary A. Staat, MD, MPH, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention: Grant/Research Support|Cepheid: Grant/Research Support|Merck: Advisor/Consultant|Merck: Grant/Research Support|National Institutes of Health: Grant/Research Support|Up-To-Date: Royalties Rangaraj Selvarangan, PhD, Altona: Grant/Research Support|Biomerieux: Advisor/Consultant|Biomerieux: Grant/Research Support|Biomerieux: Honoraria|Cepheid: Grant/Research Support|Hologic: Grant/Research Support|Hologic: Honoraria|Meridian: Grant/Research Support|Qiagen: Grant/Research Support Natasha B. Halasa, MD, CSL-Seqirus: Advisor/Consultant|Merck: Grant/Research Support Janet A. Englund, MD, AstraZeneca: Board Member|AstraZeneca: Grant/Research Support|Cidarra: Member Data Safety Monitoring Board|GlaxoSmithKline: Advisor/Consultant|GlaxoSmithKline: Grant/Research Support|Meissa Vaccines: Advisor/Consultant|Merck: Advisor/Consultant|Merck: Grant/Research Support|Moderna: Advisor/Consultant|Moderna: Grant/Research Support|Pfizer: Advisor/Consultant|Pfizer: Grant/Research Support|Shionogi: Grant/Research Support Tiphanie Vogel, MD, PhD, AstraZeneca: Grant/Research Support|Moderna: Advisor/Consultant|Pfizer: Advisor/Consultant|SOBI: Advisor/Consultant|SOBI: Board Member|Takeda: Honoraria