P-1702. Impact of Facility-level Rates of Lower Respiratory Cultures on Rates of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa among U.S. Hospitals, 2019-2023

TL;DR

This study found that higher rates of lower respiratory cultures in hospitals are linked to increased detection of MRSA and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, highlighting the importance of diagnostic practices in public health surveillance.

Contribution

The study demonstrates a novel association between facility-level diagnostic testing rates and pathogen detection rates in U.S. hospitals.

Findings

Higher facility lower respiratory culture rates correlate with increased detection of MRSA and Pseudomonas aeruginosa.

Facility diagnostic practices significantly influence surveillance data interpretation for respiratory pathogens.

Abstract

Understanding variability in culturing practices across facilities can inform the interpretation of surveillance data (e.g., comparing rates of pathogens across facilities). Diagnostic stewardship efforts aim to affect culturing practices. We explored facility-level variability of lower respiratory cultures (LRC) and associations between overall LRC rate and its association with facility-level rates of respiratory methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PA).

Hospitalization and culture data from 2019-2023 were obtained from the Premier Healthcare Database. Facilities were included that reported hospitalization and LRC data every month of the study. Overall, LRC and LRC positive for MRSA or PA were categorized as admission cultures (AC), post-AC (PAC), and ventilator-associated PAC (V-PAC). ACs were collected within 3 days of admission, and PACs on or after day 4. V-PACs were PACs with a hospital charge for mechanical ventilation on the same day. Rates were reported as culture number per 10,000 discharges (AC), 10,000 patient days (PAC), and 10,000 ventilator days (V-PAC). We used multivariable negative binomial regression to assess the association of overall facility LRC rates and rates of LRC positive for MRSA or PA, adjusted for facility teaching status, urbanicity, size, region, year, and average length of stay.

Seventy-three facilities contributed 273,901 LRCs over the study period. LRC rates varied across facilities, with a median AC rate of 287.4 per 10,000 discharges (interquartile range [IQR] 172.8-397), median PAC rate of 42.4 per 10,000 patient days (IQR 23.8-59.8) and median V-PAC rate of 155.2 per 10,000 ventilator days (IQR 85.7-253.2). Unadjusted analyses (Figure 1) and multivariable models showed increased rates of LRC positive for MRSA or PA as overall LRC rates increased (p< 0.0001 for AC, PAC, and V-PAC).

We observed considerable variability in facility LRC rates. Higher overall LRC rates were significantly associated with increased LRC pathogen detection. Information on diagnostic testing in facilities may provide important context for public health. Facility diagnostic stewardship will likely impact the clinical management of patients and surveillance of selected pathogens.

All Authors: No reported disclosures

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