# P-1585. Safety and Efficacy of BCG Vaccination in COVID-19 Prevention: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

## TL;DR

This study finds that BCG vaccination does not significantly reduce the risk of COVID-19 infection, hospitalization, or ICU admission, but it is generally well tolerated.

## Contribution

This systematic review and meta-analysis provides updated evidence on the safety and efficacy of BCG vaccination for preventing COVID-19.

## Key findings

- BCG vaccination did not significantly reduce the risk of COVID-19 infection, ICU admission, or hospitalization.
- There was a potential but non-significant reduction in mortality associated with BCG vaccination.
- BCG vaccination was strongly associated with erythema and a slight increase in cough risk.

## Abstract

Despite the availability of multiple COVID-19 vaccines, challenges remain in prevention and control. This systematic review and meta-analysis assess the safety and efficacy of BCG vaccination in COVID-19 prevention.

A comprehensive search was conducted in PubMed, Cochrane, Scopus, Web of Science, and Embase until March 2024. Primary outcomes included COVID-19 infection rate, mortality, hospitalization rate, and ICU admission. Secondary outcomes focused on adverse events.

Fifteen RCTs with 16,347 participants were included. BCG vaccination did not significantly reduce COVID-19 infection (RR = 1.06, 95% CI [0.96–1.17], p = 0.27), ICU admission (RR = 0.44, 95% CI [0.14–1.42], p = 0.17), or hospitalization rate (RR = 0.90, 95% CI [0.60–1.36], p = 0.62). There were fewer deaths in the BCG group (RR = 0.52, 95% CI [0.25–1.08], p = 0.08). Regarding adverse events, BCG vaccination was strongly associated with erythema and may slightly increase cough risk, while other systemic symptoms (nausea, muscle/joint pain, sore throat) showed no significant association.

BCG vaccination does not significantly reduce the risk of COVID-19 infection, hospitalization, or ICU admission. While there is a potential reduction in mortality, the result is not statistically significant. Adverse event analysis confirms a strong association with erythema and a slight increase in cough risk, but no consistent association with other systemic symptoms. These findings suggest that BCG vaccination does not provide substantial protection against COVID-19 but is generally well tolerated.

All Authors: No reported disclosures