P-682. Rates of averted pediatric pneumonia episodes following PCV implementation vary significantly according to age, population characteristics and clinical status

TL;DR

A study in Israel found that PCV vaccines significantly reduced pediatric pneumonia hospital visits, especially in vulnerable populations like young Bedouin children.

Contribution

The study quantifies how PCV13 vaccine impact varies by age, population, and clinical status in reducing pediatric pneumonia episodes.

Findings

PCV13 reduced outpatient pneumonia episodes by 67% compared to 47% for hospitalized cases during late PCV13 implementation.

Hospitalized Bedouin children under 12 months had a 9.6-fold higher rate reduction compared to Jewish children.

Overall, PCV13 averted about 4.4% of hospital visits in Bedouin and 2.9% in Jewish children over early childhood.

Abstract

A global decline in pediatric community-acquired alveolar pneumonia (CAAP) followed PCV implementation. We used 15 years of population-based active surveillance on pediatric CAAP to assess the impact of age, population, and clinical status on averted episodes.

This is an ongoing, population-based active surveillance of CAAP-related hospital utilization in children < 60 months, initiated in 2004 (Ben-Shimol, CID, 2020;71;1770). All CAAP-related hospital visits in southern Israel were included. CAAP was radiographically confirmed by consensus reading. Hospital visits were classified as hospitalized or outpatient. A negative binomial model based on monthly cases assessed PCV13 impact. Two populations reside in our region: Jewish (high/middle SES) and Bedouins (low/middle SES). Epidemiologic years ran July-June. Study periods: Pre-PCV (2004–09), PCV7/13 (2009–11), Early PCV13 (2011–15), Late PCV13 (2015–19). Mean annual averted episodes were determined by subtracting the observed mean annual incidence rates from the expected rates (and 95% CI) during late PCV13.

We studied 11,310 episodes (3,677 outpatient; 7,633 hospitalizations). During the late PCV13 period, rate reduction was significantly greater in outpatients (67%; 95% CI 62-71%) vs. inpatients (47%; 95% CI 41-54%)) (Figure 1, Table 1). Similar patterns were seen across ages and both populations. However, baseline hospitalized and outpatient rates differed by age and population, leading to marked differences in averted episode rates (Table 2, Figure 2) The largest mean annual reduction/1,000 was in hospitalized Bedouins < 12m (13.29 vs. 1.39 in Jews; 9.6-fold), followed by Bedouins 12–23m (6.67 vs 2.60; 2.6-fold). Overall averted hospital visits for CAAP spanning the first 5 years of life were ∼4.4% and 2.9% of the Bedouin and Jewish children, respectively.

PCV implementation in Israel, averted a large number of hospital visits for outpatient and hospitalized CAAP episodes in early childhood. Impact was greatest among the most vulnerable population and age groups, constituting an important step toward equity by vaccination.

Ron Dagan, Professor MD, GSK: Advisor/Consultant|GSK: Honoraria|Medimmune/AstraZeneca: Grant/Research Support|Medimmune/AstraZeneca: Honoraria|MSD: Advisor/Consultant|MSD: Grant/Research Support|MSD: Honoraria|Pfizer: Advisor/Consultant|Pfizer: Grant/Research Support|Pfizer: Honoraria|Sanofi pasteur: Honoraria David Greenberg, Professor MD, GSK: Advisor/Consultant|GSK: Honoraria|MSD: Advisor/Consultant|MSD: Grant/Research Support|MSD: Honoraria|Pfizer: Advisor/Consultant|Pfizer: Honoraria

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