P-1301. Effective Durations of Antibiotic Therapy for Stenotrophomonas maltophilia Bloodstream Infections

TL;DR

This study investigates whether short or prolonged antibiotic treatment is better for bloodstream infections caused by Stenotrophomonas maltophilia.

Contribution

The study provides real-world data comparing short- and prolonged-course antibiotic therapy for Stenotrophomonas maltophilia bloodstream infections.

Findings

Prolonged-course therapy was associated with a trend toward lower 30-day mortality compared to short-course therapy.

No significant differences were found in recurrence or antibiotic-associated adverse events between the two treatment groups.

The study suggests further research is needed to confirm optimal treatment duration for Stenotrophomonas maltophilia infections.

Abstract

Stenotrophomonas maltophilia is an increasingly important cause of healthcare-associated bloodstream infections (BSI), but optimal treatment duration remains unclear. Clinical trials supporting 7-day therapy for uncomplicated gram-negative BSI included few or no S. maltophilia cases, limiting applicability. This study compared outcomes between short- and prolonged-course therapy for S. maltophilia BSI.Baseline characteristics of the unweighted cohortBaseline characteristics of the IPTW cohort

Baseline characteristics of the unweighted cohort

Baseline characteristics of the IPTW cohort

A retrospective cohort study was conducted among patients with S. maltophilia BSI treated with 7-21 days of active antibiotic therapy within The Johns Hopkins Hospital System from 2018 to 2024. Patients were stratified into short-course (7-11 days) or prolonged-course (12-21 days) groups. The primary outcome was 30-day all-cause mortality. Secondary outcomes included recurrence within 90 days, infection-related hospital length of stay, and antibiotic-associated adverse events. Inverse probability of treatment weighting (IPTW) was used to limit confounding by indication and weighted logistic regression was used to estimate associations between treatment duration and outcomes in the IPTW cohort.Outcomes of short-course vs prolonged-course antibiotic therapy in S. maltophilia BSI in the IPTW cohort

Outcomes of short-course vs prolonged-course antibiotic therapy in S. maltophilia BSI in the IPTW cohort

Among 110 patients treated for S. maltophilia BSI, 43 (39%) received short-course and 67 (61%) prolonged-course therapy. Median treatment durations were 9 days (IQR 8-10) and 16 days (IQR 14-17) for short- and prolonged-course respectively. Approximately 45% of patients required intensive care, 47% had a Charlson Comorbidity Index ≥4, and 57% had severe immune compromise. In the IPTW cohort, 30-day mortality was 32% vs 18% in the short- vs prolonged-course groups. Although not meeting statistical significance, prolonged-course therapy was associated with lower odds of 30-day mortality compared to short-course therapy (OR 0.46, 95% CI: 0.17-1.24; p = 0.12). There were no differences in recurrence (6% vs. 8%; p = 0.80) or antibiotic-associated adverse events (16% vs. 21%; p = 0.57). There was a non-significant trend toward shorter infection-related stay in the short-course group (6 [IQR 5-10] vs. 11 [IQR 5-21] days; p = 0.08).

Although not statistically significant, numerical differences in mortality suggest further studies are needed to ensure that short-course therapy is as effective as more prolonged durations for S. maltophilia BSI.

All Authors: No reported disclosures

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