P-1428. Real-World Effectiveness of 20-Valent Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine among Adults 65-74, 75-84, and ≥85 Years of Age in the United States

TL;DR

This study shows that the 20-valent pneumococcal vaccine is effective in reducing serious pneumococcal diseases in older adults, with varying effectiveness across different age groups.

Contribution

This is the first real-world study to report age-specific vaccine effectiveness of PCV20 in older adults in the US.

Findings

PCV20 showed 25.6% effectiveness against all invasive pneumococcal disease in adults ≥65 years.

Effectiveness was highest in the youngest group (65-74 years) at 35.4% and lowest in those ≥85 years at 16.6%.

The vaccine prevented 12.5 IPD and 262.0 ACP cases per 100K person-years in the overall ≥65 age group.

Abstract

The 20-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV20) was licensed by the FDA in 2021 for the prevention of vaccine type (VT) invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) and pneumococcal pneumonia based on immunologic non-inferiority criteria. No clinical efficacy or vaccine effectiveness (VE) data has been reported for PCV20. The aim of this study was to evaluate age-group PCV20 VE against all IPD and all-cause pneumonia (ACP) among older adults in the US.

In this retrospective time-segment design, individuals age ≥65 years were followed through the Medicare database from July 2022 to June 2024 for the first episode of all IPD (VT and non-VT) and ACP based on ICD-10-CM coding. We compared PCV20 vaccinated to unvaccinated adults with Medicare insurance for ≥1 year prior, excluding those who received 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine (PPSV23) < 2 years, PCV13 < 5 years, PCV20, or PCV15 prior to the start of study follow-up. The cohort was stratified by age group (65-74, 75-84, ≥85 years). Inverse probability weighting was used to control for confounding and dropout. Cox models estimated hazard ratios (HR) and VE was calculated as (1 – HR) x 100%. The weighted vaccine preventable disease incidence rate (IR)(VPDI) per 100K person-years (PY) was calculated as (IRunvaccinated – IRvaccinated).

16.5 million adults were included, of whom 12.2% received PCV20 during follow-up. After weighting and compared to individuals with PCV20-unvaccinated segments, a higher proportion of individuals contributing vaccinated time had >5 outpatient visits in the prior year and had received a PPSV23, PCV13, or COVID-19 vaccine (Table 1). PCV20 VE against all IPD was 25.6% among adults ≥65 years of age overall and 35.4%, 24.0%, and 16.6% among adults 65-74, 75-84, and ≥85 years of age, respectively (Table 2). PCV20 VE against ACP was 15.2% among adults ≥65 years of age overall and 20.2%, 15.9%, and 12.5% among adults 65-74, 75-84, and ≥85 years of age, respectively (Table 2). Among adults ≥65 years of age overall, PCV20 vaccination prevented 12.5 cases of IPD and 262.0 cases of ACP per 100K PY (Table 3).

This study presents the first real-world age-group specific estimates of PCV20 VE and confirms PCV20 effectiveness against IPD and ACP among adults 65-74, 75-84, and ≥85 years of age.

Amanda C. Miles, MPH, Pfizer: Employee of Pfizer Inc.|Pfizer: Stocks/Bonds (Public Company) Lindsay Grant, PhD, MPH, Pfizer: Employee|Pfizer: Stocks/Bonds (Private Company) Jelena Vojicic, MD, Pfizer Inc.: Employee|Pfizer Inc.: Stocks/Bonds (Public Company)|Pfizer Inc.: Stocks/Bonds (Public Company) Jeffrey T. Vietri, PhD, Pfizer Inc: Employment|Pfizer Inc: Stocks/Bonds (Public Company) Summer rosenstock, PhD, MHS, Pfizer: Stocks/Bonds (Public Company) Huihua Li, MS, MD, Pfizer Pharmaceutical: employee|Pfizer Pharmaceutical: Stocks/Bonds (Public Company) Alison E. Randall, MPH, PMP, Pfizer: Employment|Pfizer: Stocks/Bonds (Public Company) Bobby Zhao, PhD, Pfizer: Advisor/Consultant|Pfizer: Employee of Genesis Research Group, which has received consulting fees from Pfizer Inc. Anan Zhou, MPH, Pfizer Inc.: Employee of Genesis Research Group, which has received consulting fees from Pfizer Inc. Christian Theilacker, MD, DTM&H, Pfizer Inc: Stocks/Bonds (Public Company)|Pfizer Inc: Stocks/Bonds (Public Company) Jennifer Moisi, PhD, Pfizer Vaccines: Employer|Pfizer Vaccines: Stocks/Bonds (Public Company) Luis Jodar, PhD, Pfizer Inc: Stocks/Bonds (Public Company) Paul Palmer, PhD, Pfizer Inc: Employee|Pfizer Inc: Stocks/Bonds (Public Company) Alejandro D. Cane, MD, PhD, Pfizer Inc.: All authors are employees of Pfizer Inc. and may hold stock and/or stock options of Pfizer Inc. Paula Peyrani, MD, Pfizer, Inc: Employee|Pfizer, Inc: Stocks/Bonds (Public Company)

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