631. Sedation-Driven Variability in Antibiotic Response of Stenotrophomonas maltophilia

TL;DR

This study shows that sedatives like midazolam and fentanyl can increase the growth of Stenotrophomonas maltophilia when used with certain antibiotics, affecting treatment in critically ill patients.

Contribution

The study reveals that sedatives can alter antibiotic effectiveness against S. maltophilia, a finding previously unexplored in critical care settings.

Findings

Midazolam and fentanyl most frequently increased S. maltophilia growth when combined with antibiotics like OMC and ERV.

Dexmedetomidine reduced bacterial growth in isolate 16852 across multiple antibiotic combinations.

Cefiderocol only increased growth in isolate 16829 when combined with specific sedatives.

Abstract

Stenotrophomonas maltophilia is an opportunistic pathogen that disproportionately affects vulnerable patients in high-acuity settings. These individuals often receive sedation for pain, agitation, and ventilation. The interaction between sedatives and antibiotics against S. maltophilia is unclear. This study evaluated whether common sedatives alter antibiotic activity and growth suppression against S. maltophilia.

Seven clinical S. maltophilia isolates (MB16829, MB16852, MB17662, MB17666 from hematologic malignancy patients at MD Anderson; SM6, SM9, SM10 from lung disease patients at UK Healthcare) were exposed to 8 antibiotics—levofloxacin (LEV), ciprofloxacin (CIP), trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (TMP/SMX), minocycline (MIN), omadacycline (OMC), eravacycline (ERV), aztreonam/avibactam (ATM/AVI), and cefiderocol (FDC)—alone or with haloperidol (HAL), hydromorphone (HMP), fentanyl (FEN), dexmedetomidine (DEX), ketamine (KET), or midazolam (MID). Growth (OD600) was measured every 15 minutes for 24 hours at 37°C. Significant changes were defined as ≥0.1 absorbance difference vs. antibiotic alone.

Sedative–antibiotic interactions altered S. maltophilia growth in 43 regimens (Figure 1). MID increased growth in 11 combinations, followed by FEN (10). DEX was the only sedative linked to decreased growth (6 regimens). ERV and OMC were most impacted, with 9 and 8 increased-growth combinations; 3 of 6 decreases also involved OMC. SM9 showed increased growth in 8 combinations, mainly with OMC and MID. Isolate 16852 showed decreased growth in 6 combinations—all with DEX. ATM/AVI and FDC remained stable, except in 16829, where 3 FDC combinations (+DEX, KET, MID) increased growth (Figure 2). ERV+MID increased growth in 17666 (0.538), 17662 (0.581), SM6 (0.418), and SM9 (1.016) vs. ERV alone (0.353, 0.353, 0.173, 0.114; Figure 3). In Figure 4, OMC combinations in 17662 (A) and SM9 (B) showed isolate-specific responses, with MID and FEN driving the greatest increases.

MID and FEN most often increased S. maltophilia growth, especially with OMC and ERV in SM9 and 17662. DEX reduced growth in all six decreased regimens in 16852. FDC increased growth only in 16829. Findings highlight sedative effects on antibiotic activity in critical care.

All Authors: No reported disclosures

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