P-454. The Skip Phenomenon in Staphylococcus aureus Bacteremia: Prevalence in a Pediatric Tertiary Care Center

TL;DR

This study found that the skip phenomenon, where blood cultures intermittently test negative during Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia, occurs in 6.6% of pediatric patients, especially those with MRSA.

Contribution

The study provides the first detailed prevalence data on the skip phenomenon in pediatric S. aureus bacteremia and highlights its association with MRSA.

Findings

19 out of 285 pediatric patients (6.6%) exhibited the skip phenomenon during S. aureus bacteremia.

MRSA infections were five times more likely to show the skip phenomenon compared to MSSA infections.

Patients with the skip phenomenon had longer durations of positive blood cultures (5.5 days vs. 2.2 days).

Abstract

Bacteremia due to Staphylococcus aureus infections has been well-documented to exhibit fluctuating positivity in blood cultures, known as the “skip phenomenon” (SP). This phenomenon is defined as having at least one negative blood culture occurring between two positive cultures during a single episode of bacteremia while on adequate antibiotic therapy. However, data on its prevalence in pediatric patients remains scant. Current Infectious Diseases Society of America (IDSA) guidelines do not clearly define the number of negative culture sets needed to determine bacterial clearance. Common practice has been to obtain at least two serially negative blood cultures, but this is primarily based on adult data and observations. This study sought to assess the prevalence of the SP in pediatric patients with central lines and S. aureus bacteremia at a tertiary pediatric referral center.

We conducted a retrospective review of pediatric admissions from January 2011 to February 2024 with a S. aureus associated central line infection. Data collected included antimicrobial resistance patterns, duration of bacteremia, absolute neutrophil count (ANC), and blood culture history.

Among 285 patients with S. aureus CLABSI, 19 (6.6%) exhibited the SP. Of these 19 cases, 13 (68%) were due to methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA), although MRSA accounted for only 30% of the total cohort. 13/85 (15%) infections caused by MRSA demonstrated the SP versus 6/200 (3%) of MSSA infections. This means MRSA patients were approximately five times more likely to experience the SP compared to MSSA cases. Most notably, there was an increased average duration of positive cultures in the SP group (5.5 days) compared to those exhibiting no SP (2.2 days).

Our findings support the practice of obtaining at least two consecutive negative blood cultures drawn at least 24 hours apart to confirm clearance of S. aureus bacteremia in pediatric patients. The skip phenomenon appears particularly common among patients with MRSA highlighting the need for vigilance when this organism is responsible.

James B. Wood, MD, MSCI, Karius: Grant/Research Support|MeMed: Grant/Research Support

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