# Long-term follow-up of predominantly Asian patients with relapsed/refractory FLT3-mutated acute myeloid leukemia in the phase 3 COMMODORE trial

## TL;DR

This study shows that gilteritinib improves survival and is well-tolerated in Asian patients with a specific type of leukemia.

## Contribution

Long-term follow-up in predominantly Asian patients with FLT3-mutated AML demonstrates gilteritinib's efficacy and safety over chemotherapy.

## Key findings

- Gilteritinib improved median overall survival compared to chemotherapy (10.3 vs 5.4 months).
- Gilteritinib increased complete remission rates (20.4% vs 11.5%).
- Gilteritinib was well-tolerated with no new safety concerns identified.

## Abstract

To evaluate the long-term efficacy and safety of gilteritinib compared with salvage chemotherapy (SC) in patients with relapsed/refractory FMS-like tyrosine kinase 3 (FLT3)-mutated acute myeloid leukemia (AML). In the phase 3 COMMODORE (NCT03182244) trial, patients with relapsed/refractory FLT3-mutated AML from China, Russia, Singapore, Thailand, and Malaysia were randomized to gilteritinib (120 mg/day) or SC. The long-term follow-up included assessments every 3 months for a maximum of 3 years from the end-of-treatment visit. The primary endpoint was overall survival (OS). Secondary endpoints included event-free survival (EFS), complete remission (CR) rate, hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) rate, and transfusion maintenance and conversion rates. Overall, 276 patients (gilteritinib, n = 137; SC, n = 139) completed the long-term follow-up. Most (88.0%) patients were Asian. The median (95% confidence interval [CI]) OS was longer with gilteritinib versus SC (10.3 [8.8, 12.7] vs 5.4 [4.1, 8.1] months, respectively; hazard ratio [HR; 95% CI], 0.612 [0.451, 0.832]), with a median follow-up of 34.6 months. The median (95% CI) EFS was longer with gilteritinib versus SC (2.1 [< 0.1, 3.2] vs 0.6 [0.2, 1.2] months, respectively; HR [95% CI], 0.589 [0.438, 0.792]). The CR rate was 20.4% and 11.5% in the gilteritinib and SC arms, respectively. During the entire study period, 22.6% and 7.9% of patients in the gilteritinib and SC arms underwent HSCT, respectively; 18.2% of patients in the gilteritinib arm received on-study HSCT. No new safety concerns were identified. Long-term gilteritinib treatment improved clinical outcomes compared with SC and was well-tolerated in a predominantly Asian population with relapsed/refractory FLT3-mutated AML.

The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s00277-026-06762-2.