# Development of an Anatomically Accurate Three-Dimensional-Printed Spine Model From Computed Tomography Data Using Dual-Material Printing for Teaching and Visualization

## TL;DR

Researchers created a 3D-printed spine model using CT data and two materials to accurately represent bone and disc properties for medical education.

## Contribution

A reproducible workflow for creating high-fidelity, anatomically accurate 3D-printed spine models using dual-material printing.

## Key findings

- The model accurately replicates vertebral morphology and spatial relationships.
- Polylactic acid and thermoplastic polyurethane were successfully used to simulate bone and disc properties.
- The model is cost-effective, durable, and suitable for medical training and visualization.

## Abstract

Accurate anatomical models play a crucial role in medical education by enhancing the understanding of complex spinal structures beyond traditional two-dimensional imaging and cadaveric preparations, which often present limitations in availability and durability. This technical report presents the development of a life-sized, anatomically accurate, three-dimensional-printed spine model derived from computed tomography data. The imaging data were processed and segmented to isolate vertebrae and intervertebral discs, after which refined stereolithography files were generated. The vertebral structures were printed using polylactic acid filament to replicate bone rigidity, while the intervertebral discs were fabricated from thermoplastic polyurethane to simulate their flexibility. The final model preserved precise anatomical proportions, vertebral morphology, and spatial relationships, allowing realistic manipulation and functional visualization of spinal segments. The result is a cost-effective and durable educational tool suitable for teaching, demonstration, and anatomical visualization in medical training. This approach establishes a reproducible workflow for creating high-fidelity, patient-specific models and provides a foundation for future developments, such as incorporating soft tissues or pathological variations.