# Aligning Indigenous and Western Concepts of Health Resource Decision Making in a Western Canadian First Nations Context

## TL;DR

This paper explores how to align Indigenous and Western approaches to health decision-making by identifying shared concepts like values and holism.

## Contribution

The study introduces a conceptual framework that bridges Indigenous and Western health resource decision-making perspectives.

## Key findings

- Five shared concepts—values, holism, time, resources, and context—were identified between Indigenous and Western health frameworks.
- A hybrid analytical approach combining Q methodology and thematic analysis revealed thematic backgrounds of health resource thinking.
- Mapping these concepts can guide the development of culturally relevant health outcome measures.

## Abstract

Western health economic evaluation tools often fail to reflect the relational, collective, and holistic perspectives that underpin Indigenous concepts of health. These limitations pose challenges when applying Western measures in Indigenous contexts. The individualistic foundation of the Western definition of health and the values that inform it are significantly different from the community-based values typically found in Canadian Indigenous communities. For health economics to effectively support Indigenous health decision making, a values-based approach should initially be undertaken to identify conceptual commonalities with Western perspectives.

This study aimed to develop a conceptual framework that identifies shared elements between Western and First Nations understandings of health resource decision making, with the goal of supporting the creation of culturally meaningful health outcome measures.

Through a Health Economics Technical Advisory Group (HE-TAG) in Alberta, Canada, co-led by Indigenous and non-Indigenous researchers, we conducted a conceptual exploration of health resource decision making. Fourteen HE-TAG sessions held between July 2021 and June 2023 were transcribed and analyzed using a hybrid approach—combining Q methodology, thematic analysis (Braun & Clarke), and Walker and Avant’s concept analysis.

Transcripts from 14 HE-TAG sessions provide the qualitative data upon which analysis was conducted. Sessions were held online using virtual meeting technology, and recordings were transcribed and analyzed.

Indigenous and Western conceptual frameworks allow for a common understanding of health resourcing. Indigenous community and culture and Western economic evaluation and social determinants of health were the four main observed themes, each of which contained two subthemes which differentiated between concepts of ‘health.’ Five concepts were found to resonate between Indigenous and Western themes when exploring health resource thinking: values, holism, time, resources, and context. Concepts and themes were mapped to illustrate common approaches to understanding health resource decision making.

This Indigenous-informed research aligns concepts of resource decision making by showing the thematic backgrounds of First Nations and Western thinking, which are linked by the common concepts of values, holism, time, resources, and context. Centering future community engagement on these shared concepts while grounding them in community-generated health value sets can advance the development of novel, culturally relevant health outcome measures.