# Assessment of knowledge, attitudes, and practices regarding sun exposure and sun protection among female students living in high-altitude areas, Abha, Saudi Arabia: a cross-sectional study

## TL;DR

This study examines how female students in a high-altitude area of Saudi Arabia understand and practice sun protection, finding gaps between their knowledge and actual behaviors.

## Contribution

The study provides insights into sun protection KAP among female students in high-altitude regions of Saudi Arabia.

## Key findings

- Most students were aware of high UV intensity but had misconceptions about sunscreen causing skin darkening.
- Inconsistent sun protection practices were observed despite positive attitudes and knowledge.
- Academic year significantly influenced sun-related knowledge and behaviors.

## Abstract

Ultraviolet (UV) rays are more intense at high-altitude regions. Exposure to intense UV rays is a major risk factor for skin damage and skin cancer. The university students (young adults) have limited awareness of sun protection measures, leading to persistent gaps in their knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP). This study evaluates the KAP of sun exposure and protection measures among female students at King Khalid University in Abha, Saudi Arabia.

To assess students’ understanding of sun exposure risks and protective measures, to identify students’ attitudes toward sun safety, and to determine students’ sun exposure and protection practices.

A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted on 328 female students from various academic programs using a stratified random sampling method. Data were collected using a validated questionnaire assessing sociodemographic details, knowledge, attitudes, and practices toward sun exposure and sun protective measures at high altitudes. Statistical analysis was conducted using SPSS V.27, with descriptive statistics determining frequency and percentages, and inferential statistics assessing relationships between KAP variables.

The majority of participants (77.1%) were aware of the stronger sun rays at high altitudes, and 72.9% recognized high UV intensity. However, misconceptions persisted, with 55.2% believing sunscreen use before age 30 causes skin darkening. While 66.5% reported using sun protection, inconsistencies in sunscreen use and other protective behaviors were observed. Statistically significant relationships were found between academic year and sun-related knowledge (p < 0.001), as well as between knowledge, attitudes, and practices.

Despite good awareness and positive attitudes toward sun protection, practical application remains inconsistent. Targeted educational campaigns and culturally appropriate interventions are essential to bridging the gap between knowledge and practice. Future studies should focus on evaluating intervention effectiveness and long-term behavioral changes.