# Key regulatory roles of PRDM1 in human NK-cell differentiation and activation

## TL;DR

PRDM1 plays a key role in human NK-cell differentiation and function, and its loss may contribute to cancer development.

## Contribution

This study reveals PRDM1's regulatory role in NK-cell maturation and its potential impact on malignancies.

## Key findings

- PRDM1 is crucial for NK-cell terminal differentiation and regulates key genes in the process.
- PRDM1 deletion leads to a less mature NK-cell phenotype with stem-like gene activation.
- PRDM1's activity varies depending on associated transcription factors and can act as both repressor and activator.

## Abstract

PRDM1, encoding a transcription factor (TF), regulates plasma cell and CD8+ T-cell terminal differentiation and Th2 lineage specification, while its role in human NK-cell differentiation and homeostasis is largely unknown. Here, we employed a multi-omics approach to dissect the transcriptional control of PRDM1 on human NK-cells. PRDM1 is important in NK-cell terminal differentiation based on gene expression profiling and its targeting of key regulators in the process. PRDM1-deleted NK-cells displayed a less mature phenotype simulating the CD56bright NK-cell population accompanied by upregulation of stem-like gene signatures. PRDM1-bound genes were enriched in T/NK-cell receptor signaling, activation, and NK-cell effector functions. PRDM1 could function as a transcriptional repressor as well as an activator as its activities may be modified by association with different TFs and co-factors. The kinetics of its action also varies among its target genes. As a homeostatic factor, PRDM1 is induced upon IL-2 and feeder cell stimulation, but its ability to restrict NK-cell growth upon feeder stimulation may be counteracted by the AP-1-induced transcriptional network. The loss of PRDM1 activity is frequent in NK-cell malignancies which may lead to decreased homeostatic control, impaired terminal differentiation, enhanced cellular fitness, and the acquisition of more stem-like features, thereby promoting lymphomagenesis.