# From rhythm to resilience: The interplay of circadian rhythm, melatonin, lifestyle, nutrition in psychoneuroimmunology (PNI)

## TL;DR

This paper explores how circadian rhythms, melatonin, lifestyle, and nutrition influence mental and physical health through interconnected biological systems.

## Contribution

It introduces a multidimensional model linking circadian biology, nutrition, and inflammation for personalized psychiatry and preventive care.

## Key findings

- Circadian disruptions are linked to neuroinflammation and mood disorders like ADHD and MDD.
- Omega-3 fatty acids and paeoniflorin show therapeutic potential in mental and cardiovascular health.
- Lifestyle interventions like Tai Chi support non-pharmacological approaches to mental resilience.

## Abstract

Emerging evidence reveals that circadian rhythm, melatonin signaling, nutrition, and inflammation are intricately intertwined in shaping both mental and physical health. Circadian disruptions and lifestyle imbalances contribute to neuroinflammation, mood dysregulation, and cardiometabolic dysfunction, as seen in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), major depressive disorder (MDD), metabolic syndrome, and cardiovascular diseases. This special issue highlights interdisciplinary research that integrates circadian biology, nutrition, and psychoneuroimmunology (PNI) toward personalized and preventive psychiatry. Featured studies explore circadian and melatonin mechanisms in ADHD and MDD, the therapeutic and prophylactic potential of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFAs), the neuroprotective potentical of paeoniflorin, and the role of extracellular matrix gene variants in MDD vulnerability. Additionally, evidence supporting lifestyle-based interventions such as Tai Chi underscores the value of non-pharmacological mind–body approaches. Collectively, these studies illuminate a multidimensional model linking biological rhythm, nutrition, and inflammation to mental resilience and cardiovascular well-being.