# DeFiTrustChain: A DeFi-Enabled NFT and Escrow Framework for Secure Automotive Supply Chains in Smart Cities

**Authors:** Archana Kurde, Sushil Kumar Singh, Aziz Alotaibi

PMC · DOI: 10.3390/s26010315 · Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026-01-03

## TL;DR

DeFiTrustChain is a secure framework using blockchain and IoT to manage automotive supply chains in smart cities.

## Contribution

It introduces a DeFi-enabled framework combining NFTs, escrow automation, and IoT verification for secure and scalable supply chain management.

## Key findings

- The framework enables low transaction processing time and consistent peer behavior.
- NFTs and escrow contracts ensure secure and transparent asset exchange.
- Integration with IoT allows real-time delivery validation and prevents identity misuse.

## Abstract

The rising usage of IoT devices in everyday life has formed smart cities that require the adoption of decentralized systems for a secure and transparent mechanism to manage asset exchange across automotive supply chains. Several existing Blockchain-based models built on public chains focus on traceability while overlooking scalability limits, transaction fees, conditional payment trust, or real-time delivery validation. We introduce DeFiTrustChain, a DeFi-enabled framework that combines free NFTs, escrow-based automation, and IoT verification within a Hyperledger Fabric network. It represents each vehicle using a unique NFT to capture the details of manufacturing and ownership, along with immutable asset verification. The payment release between stakeholders is governed by a dedicated escrow contract responsible for IoT-based delivery confirmation. The proposed framework ensures authenticated access and prevents identity misuse through integration of the Fabric Certificate Authority. The experimental results demonstrate the coherent and dependable execution of NFT creation, escrow enforcement, and IoT-triggered validation, with low local transaction processing time and consistent behavior across peers.

## Full-text entities

- **Diseases:** injury to (MESH:D014947), TRUE (MESH:C565693)
- **Chemicals:** CPU (-)
- **Species:** Homo sapiens (human, species) [taxon 9606]

## Full text

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## Figures

7 figures with captions in the complete paper: https://tomesphere.com/paper/PMC12788356/full.md

## References

26 references — full list in the complete paper: https://tomesphere.com/paper/PMC12788356/full.md

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Source: https://tomesphere.com/paper/PMC12788356