# SharpCEEWPServer: A Lightweight Server for the Communication Protocol of China Earthquake Early Warning Systems

## TL;DR

A new lightweight server called SharpCEEWPServer is developed to handle real-time earthquake data streams in China's early warning system, offering a low-cost and efficient solution.

## Contribution

SharpCEEWPServer is a novel, lightweight server that integrates CSTP stream handling, visualization, and conversion to SeedLink for flexible and low-cost deployment.

## Key findings

- The server reliably receives and forwards real-time data streams from seismometers.
- Laptop-class hardware can handle data loads from 1000 seismometers during an M7.0 earthquake scenario.
- Current latency performance is suitable for non-early warning networks but not for real-time early warning systems.

## Abstract

Several commercial seismometers now support CSTP, the real-time communication protocol used in the China Earthquake Early Warning System, but there is still no simple, flexible, and low-cost solution to archive CSTP streams or integrate them into existing data processing systems. In this study, we design and implement SharpCEEWPServer, a lightweight, out-of-the-box graphical server that integrates client management, real-time data reception, visualization, and archiving, and can, via RingServer, convert CSTP real-time streams into widely supported SeedLink streams. Hardware compatibility is evaluated using four commercial CSTP-capable instruments, a forwarding chain is built to assess forwarding functionality and reliability, and concurrency performance is tested using simulated networks with different station counts. The stability under network impairment scenarios and the performance of the forwarding system were also analyzed. The results show that the server can reliably receive and forward real-time data streams, and that laptop-class hardware is sufficient to withstand the load imposed by an M7.0 earthquake scenario when receiving real-time streams from 1000 three-component seismometers. However, the current version’s latency performance can only meet the needs of non-early warning networks. Overall, the proposed server significantly lowers the deployment and usage threshold for new CSTP-capable instruments and provides an efficient, low-cost integration solution for temporary networks in earthquake emergency response and seismic arrays.