# Walking with a Passive Hip Exoskeleton and Wearables: Gait Characteristics and Metabolic Power in Senior Adults

## TL;DR

This study tested a passive hip exoskeleton on older adults to see if it could improve walking metrics and reduce energy use, but found no significant benefits.

## Contribution

The novelty lies in evaluating a passive hip exoskeleton's impact on gait and metabolic power in seniors, particularly slow walkers.

## Key findings

- The exoskeleton did not significantly change walking metrics or metabolic power in senior adults.
- Intermediate walkers had higher cadence, step length, and oxygen uptake compared to slow walkers.
- Results suggest passive exoskeletons may not benefit senior gait or energy efficiency.

## Abstract

Background: This study explored the potential of a passive exoskeleton (Exo) to improve cadence, step length, oxygen uptake, and reduce metabolic power in senior adults, with the expectation that slow walkers (SW < 0.56 m/s) would benefit more than intermediate walkers (IW ≥ 0.56 m/s). Methods: Twenty-three senior adults walked on a treadmill at their self-selected speed using the Exo, noExo, and a placebo (Sham) in a randomized and balanced order. A lower back inertial measurement unit, a heart rate monitor, and an oxygen uptake system were used to monitor spatiotemporal and cardiopulmonary parameters. Cadence, step length, heart rate, oxygen uptake (VO2 and relative VO2), metabolic power, and respiratory exchange ratio were extracted. A two-way MANOVA was performed across Exo vs. noExo vs. Sham and SW vs. IW. Results: Using Exo did not show any significant changes in spatiotemporal or cardiopulmonary outcomes compared to the conditions for both SW and IW. IW vs. SW seniors had significantly higher cadence (15–19%), step length (31–41%), relative VO2 (21–23%), and metabolic power (21–23%) in all devices (p < 0.05). Conclusions: These findings show that the use of Exo among senior adults does not improve spatiotemporal parameters nor reduce metabolic powers even among SW.