# A Breathable, Low-Cost, and Highly Stretchable Medical-Textile Strain Sensor for Human Motion and Plant Growth Monitoring

## TL;DR

A breathable, stretchable strain sensor made from medical textiles is developed for monitoring human motion and plant growth, offering a low-cost and comfortable alternative.

## Contribution

The novel contribution is a low-cost, breathable strain sensor using medical bandage materials with carbon nanotubes for versatile biological monitoring.

## Key findings

- The sensor achieves a strain range of 100% and a gauge factor of up to 2.72.
- It demonstrates excellent nonlinear second-order fitting with R2 = 0.997.
- The sensor is suitable for long-term attachment without interfering with physiological processes.

## Abstract

Flexible strain sensors capable of conformal integration with living organisms are essential for advanced wearable electronics, human–machine interaction, and plant health. However, many existing sensors require complex fabrication or rely on non-breathable elastomer substrates that interfere with the physiological microenvironment of skin or plant tissues. Here, we present a low-cost, breathable, and highly stretchable strain sensor constructed from biomedical materials, in which a double-layer medical elastic bandage serves as the porous substrate and an intermediate conductive medical elastic tape impregnated with carbon nanotubes (CNTs) ink acts as the sensing layer. Owing to the hierarchical textile porosity and the deformable CNTs percolation network, the sensor achieves a wide strain range of 100%, a gauge factor of up to 2.72, and excellent nonlinear second-order fitting (R2 = 0.997). The bandage substrate provides superior air permeability, allowing long-term attachment without obstructing moisture and gas exchange, which is particularly important for maintaining skin comfort and preventing disturbances to plant epidermal physiology. Demonstrations in human joint-motion monitoring and real-time plant growth detection highlight the device’s versatility and biological compatibility. This work offers a simple, low-cost yet effective alternative to sophisticated strain sensors designed for human monitoring and plant growth monitoring, providing a scalable route toward multifunctional wearable sensing platforms.