# In Situ Metal Sulfide-Modified N/S-Doped Carbon for High-Performance Oxygen Reduction

## TL;DR

This paper introduces a new method to create efficient and durable catalysts for oxygen reduction reactions using modified carbon nanosheets.

## Contribution

A scalable synthesis of N/S-doped carbon with in situ metal sulfides for high-performance non-precious metal ORR catalysts.

## Key findings

- The catalyst achieved a half-wave potential of 0.83 V, nearly matching commercial Pt/C.
- It showed excellent 4e− ORR selectivity and minimal degradation after 10,000 cycles.
- The method combines N/S co-doping and metal sulfide modification for enhanced performance.

## Abstract

Developing efficient and durable oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) catalysts is crucial for advancing fuel cell technology and sustainable energy conversion. In this study, a scalable strategy was employed to synthesize ZIF-derived nitrogen-sulfur co-doped carbon nanosheets embedded with in situ generated ZnS and Co9S8 nanoparticles. The synergistic effect of heteroatom doping and metal sulfide modification effectively modulated the electronic structure, optimized charge transfer pathways, and enhanced structural stability. The optimized catalyst exhibited a half-wave potential of 0.83 V vs. RHE, close to that of commercial 20 wt% Pt/C (0.85 V), excellent 4e− ORR selectivity, and exceptional stability, with only a ~15 mV degradation after 10,000 cycles. These results demonstrate that the combination of nitrogen sulfur co-doping and in situ metal sulfide addition pro-vides an effective approach for designing highly active and durable non-precious metal catalysts for the ORR. This synthetic concept provides practical guidance for the scalable preparation of multifunctional nanomaterial-based catalysts for electrochemical energy applications.